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--></style><title>Water has entered "era of multiple
simultaneous stresses"</title></head><body>
<div><font face="Tahoma">Water Resources Research (an AGU journal)
First published: 3 May 2015</font><font face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma">DOI: 10.1002/2014WR016825</font><font
face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma"><br>
Global change and the groundwater management challenge</font><font
face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma">Steven M. Gorelick,</font><font
face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma">Department of Earth System Science,
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</font><font
face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma">
</font><font
face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma">Chunmiao Zheng</font><font
face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma">Institute of Water Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing, China</font><font face="Arial"><br>
</font><font face="Tahoma">Department of Geological Sciences,
University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA</font><br>
<font face="Arial"></font></div>
<div><font face="Tahoma">Abstract</font><font face="Arial"> (bold
emphasis added for quick scanning)</font></div>
<div><font
face="Tahoma"><u
>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014WR016825/full</u></font
><br>
<font face="Arial"></font></div>
<div><font face="Tahoma"><b>With rivers in critical regions already
exploited to capacity throughout the world and groundwater overdraft
as well as large-scale contamination occurring in many areas, we have
entered an era in which multiple simultaneous stresses will drive
water management</b>. Increasingly, groundwater resources are taking a
more prominent role in providing freshwater supplies. We discuss the
competing fresh groundwater needs for human consumption, food
production, energy, and the environment, as well as physical hazards,
and conflicts due to transboundary overexploitation.<b> During the
past 50 years, groundwater management modeling has focused on</b>
combining simulation with optimization methods to inspect important
problems ranging from contaminant remediation to agricultural
irrigation management.<b> The compound challenges now faced by water
planners require a new generation of aquifer management models that
address the broad impacts of</b> global change on aquifer storage and
depletion trajectory management, land subsidence,
groundwater-dependent ecosystems, seawater intrusion, anthropogenic
and geogenic contamination, supply vulnerability, and long-term
sustainability. The scope of research efforts is only beginning to
address complex interactions using multiagent system models that are
not readily formulated as optimization problems and that consider<b> a
suite of human behavioral responses.</b></font><font face="Times"><b>
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<div><font face="Bookman Old Style"
color="#000000">==============================</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><b>"Although we
are only at an early stage</b> in the projected trends of global
warming, ecological responses to recent climate change are already
clearly visible."<br>
<br>
Walther et al, "Ecological responses to recent climate
change."</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><i>Nature</i>,
March 28, 2002</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style"
color="#000000">===============</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><b>"A
surprising result</b> is the high proportion of species responding to
recent, relatively mild climate change (global average warming of 0.6
C)."</font><br>
<font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000">Camille Parmesan.
"Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate
Change."<i> Annual Review of Ecol. Evol. & Systematics </i>
2006. 37:637-69</font></div>
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