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--></style><title>I have the pdf: History of coal economics:
16th-21st centu</title></head><body>
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<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000">"In societies
earlier than the one that arose in western Europe in medieval times
mining was looked on with disfavor. It was often regarded as robbery,
even as a kind of rape."</font></div>
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<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><b>I have the
pdf</b></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style"><i>Scientific American</i>
November 1977</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><b>An Early Energy
Crisis and Its Consequences</b></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><b>Summary.</b> In
the 16th century Britain ran out of wood and resorted to coal. The
adoption of the new fuel set in motion a chain of events that
culminated some two centuries later in the Industrial
Revolution.</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><br>
<b>John U. Nef</b></font><br>
<font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style"
color="#000000">Excerpts</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000">"The conversion
to a new kind of fuel might have had less effect on the British
economy if Britain had been poorly, or even only moderately, endowed
with coal. Before the end of the 17th century, however, it had become
clear that Britain possessed enormous coal reserves. Š This trove of
energy resources began to exert a pull in the direction of a quantity
production that had not been equaled in previous
history."</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><br>
"The new dignity attached to mining was reserved for metallic ores.
It did not extend to coal. The medieval craftsmen who needed fuel
wanted their work to be beautiful, whether it was for their church or
for rich laymen. The unpleasant smoke and fumes of coal therefore
limited the market for it. There was little incentive before the
mid-16th century to dig deep into the soil in search of this dirty
fuel as long as wood was available, and there seemed to be an
abundance of that."<br>
<br>
"In spite of the smoke and fumes of coal and in spite of a
widespread distaste for it, by the time of the civil war in the 1640's
Londoners were dependent on the coastwise shipment of coal to keep
warm. In 1651 the anonymous author of<i> News from Newcastle</i> wrote
verses in praise of the new fuel. "England's a per-; feet World!
Has Indies too!<i> I</i> Correct your Maps; New-castle is Peru! ...<i>
I</i> Let th' naughty Spaniard triumph, 'til 'tis told<i> I</i> Our
sooty mineral purifies his gold."<br>
<br>
Even earlier, as is made clear by William Harrison's<i> Description of
Britain</i> (1577) and by a petition London brewŠ"<br>
<br>
"In the 1920's and 1930's most students of the coming of
industrialism (myself included) accepted the explanations of Karl
Marx, Sir William Ashley, Max Weber, Henri Hauser and others. The
works of these scholars suggested that the advent of capitalism and of
the "capitalist spirit" was the main factor leading to the
overwhelming increase in the output of goods and services in the 19th
century. I now think that an even more important factor was a growing
faith in the multiplication of output.<br>
<br>
"Late in the 16th century a new attention came to be focused on
concepts of quantity. "</font><br>
<font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"></font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000">"The idea of
rates of growth introduced during the Elizabethan age brought a fresh
precision to economic studies."</font></div>
<div><font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"><br>
"The exploitation of the earth's resources has often violated the
bounds of good taste. To make the most of these resources calls not
only for ingenuity but also for restraint. At present man's dependence
on fossil fuels is as problematic as his dependence on wood was some
400 years ago"</font><br>
<font face="Bookman Old Style" color="#000000"></font></div>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande"
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<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="-1" color="#000000">"We are
living on the surface of this planet Š and with its climate and
atmosphere. It has always been the task of mankind to find the right
answer to the problem these conditions set us, and even today we
cannot think that we have found a sufficient answer." p.
131</font></div>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="-1"
color="#000000"><i><br></i></font></div>
<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="-1" color="#000000"><i>The
Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler,</i> by Heinz L. and Rowena R.
Ansbacher. 1956. Basic Books</font></div>
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>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</font></div>
<div><font face="Verdana" size="-1" color="#000000"> "We
illustrate how forest harvesting has substantially increased the
frequency of the largest floods in all study sites regardless of
record length and this also runs counter to the prevailing wisdom in
hydrological science."<br>
<br>
Green, K. C., and Y. Alila (2012), A paradigm shift in understanding
and quantifying the effects of forest harvesting on floods in snow
environments,<i> Water Resources Research</i>, 48, W10503,
doi:10.1029/2012WR012449.</font></div>
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