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--></style><title>OPEN ACCESS: To keep a town cool enough for
pedestrians, .</title></head><body>
<div><i>Environmental Research Letters</i><font face="Times">
Published 2 February 2016 * © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd</font></div>
<div><font face="Times"><b><br>
</b></font><font face="Lucida Grande"><b>Micrometeorological
simulations to predict the impacts of heat mitigation strategies on
pedestrian thermal comfort in a Los Angeles
neighborhood</b></font></div>
<div><font face="Times">Mohammad Taleghani1, David Sailor2,3 and
George A Ban-Weiss1</font></div>
<div><font face="Times"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Times"><b>Author affiliations<br>
</b>1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA<br>
2 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State
University, Portland Oregon, USA</font></div>
<div><font face="Times">3 Current address: School of Geographical
Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,
USA.</font></div>
<div><font face="Times"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Times">Abstract</font> OPEN ACCESS</div>
<div><font
face="Times"
>http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024003</font
></div>
<div><font face="Times"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Verdana">The urban heat island impacts the thermal
comfort of pedestrians in cities. In this paper, the effects of four
heat mitigation strategies on micrometeorology and the thermal comfort
of pedestrians were simulated for a neighborhood in eastern Los
Angeles County. The strategies investigated include solar reflective
'cool roofs', vegetative 'green roofs', solar reflective 'cool
pavements', and increased street-level trees. A series of
micrometeorological simulations for an extreme heat day were carried
out assuming widespread adoption of each mitigation strategy.
Comparing each simulation to the control simulation assuming current
land cover for the neighborhood showed that additional street-trees
and cool pavements reduced 1.5 m air temperature, while cool and green
roofs mostly provided cooling at heights above pedestrian level.
However, cool pavements increased reflected sunlight from the ground
to pedestrians at a set of unshaded receptor locations. This reflected
radiation intensified the mean radiant temperature and consequently
increased physiological equivalent temperature (PET) by 2.2 °C
during the day, reducing the thermal comfort of pedestrians. At
another set of receptor locations that were on average 5 m from
roadways and underneath preexisting tree cover, cool pavements caused
significant reductions in surface air temperatures and small changes
in mean radiant temperature during the day, leading to decreases in
PET of 1.1 °C, and consequent improvements in thermal comfort. For
improving thermal comfort of pedestrians during the afternoon in
unshaded locations, adding street trees was found to be the most
effective strategy. However, afternoon thermal comfort improvements in
already shaded locations adjacent to streets were most significant for
cool pavements. Green and cool roofs showed the lowest impact on the
thermal comfort of pedestrians since they modify the energy balance at
roof level, above the height of pedestrians.</font></div>
<div><font face="Times"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Times">Original content from this work may be used
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any
further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the
author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and
DOI.</font></div>
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<div><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">self-understanding
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<br>
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<div><font color="#1A1A1A">Scientific American, September
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