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--></style><title>City growth, river pollution, stormwater
management, urban</title></head><body>
<div><font face="Arial">"Trees and forest systems play an
important role in the water cycle by intercepting rainfall and
regulating water flow to the soil for more efficient stormwater
infiltration. Traditional urban development practices have reduced the
function of these systems by eliminating the vertical structure (tree
canopy cover), removing existing ground cover and pervious soils, and
compacting the remaining soil to better accommodate impervious
surfaces. As municipalities begin to accept low-impact development
(LID) and green stormwater infrastructure practices as a viable
strategy to manage stormwater runoff, stormwater managers and design
engineers need to better understand how effective trees and urban
forest systems are at mitigating stormwater runoff and how management
of these natural systems can reduce stormwater runoff and pollutant
loading."</font></div>
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<div><font face="Arial">read more
>></font
>http://www.forestindustry.com/features/foliar-rainfall-factors/</div>
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" Š organisms have a physiological response to temperature,
and these responses have important consequences Š. biological rates
and times (e.g. metabolic rate, growth, reproduction, mortality and
activity) vary with temperature.<br>
<br>
Anthony I. Dell, Samraat Pawar and Van M. Savage, Temperature
dependence of trophic interactions are driven by asymmetry of species
responses and foraging strategy.<br>
<i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i> 2013<x-tab>
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<div><font face="Verdana" size="-1" color="#000000">"Direct
effects of climatic warming can be understood through fatal decrements
in an organism's performance in growth, reproduction, foraging, immune
competence, behaviors and competitiveness. Performance in animals is
supported by aerobic scope, the increase in oxygen consumption rate
from resting to maximal (9). Performance falls below its optimum
during cooling and warming. At both upper and lower pejus
temperatures, performance decrements result as the limiting capacity
for oxygen supply causes hypoxemia (4, 8) (see the figure, left).
Beyond low and high critical temperatures, only a passive, anaerobic
existence is possible."<br>
<br>
Hans O. Pörtner and Anthony P. Farrell. Physiology and Climate
Change.<i> SCIENCE</i> 31 OCTOBER 2008<x-tab>
</x-tab>VOL 322<br>
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