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<div>PLOS ONE Published: May 19, 2016</div>
<div>http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147688<br>
</div>
<div><b>Average Stand Age from Forest Inventory Plots Does Not
Describe Historical Fire Regimes in Ponderosa Pine and Mixed-Conifer
Forests of Western North America</b></div>
<div>Jens T. Stevens , Hugh D. Safford, Malcolm P. North, Jeremy S.
Fried, Andrew N. Gray, Peter M. Brown, Christopher R. Dolanc, Solomon
Z. Dobrowski, Donald A. Falk, Calvin A. Farris, Jerry F. Franklin,<b>
et al</b></div>
<div><br>
Abstract [Open access]<br>
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0147<span
></span>688<br>
<br>
Quantifying historical fire regimes provides important information for
managing contemporary forests. Historical fire frequency and severity
can be estimated using several methods; each method has strengths and
weaknesses and presents challenges for interpretation and
verification. Recent efforts to quantify the timing of historical
high-severity fire events in forests of western North America have
assumed that the "stand age" variable from the US Forest
Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program reflects the
timing of historical high-severity (i.e. stand-replacing) fire in
ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests. To test this assumption, we
re-analyze the dataset used in a previous analysis, and compare
information from fire history records with information from co-located
FIA plots. We demonstrate that 1) the FIA stand age variable does not
reflect the large range of individual tree ages in the FIA plots:
older trees comprised more than 10% of pre-stand age basal area in 58%
of plots analyzed and more than 30% of pre-stand age basal area in 32%
of plots, and 2) recruitment events are not necessarily related to
high-severity fire occurrence. Because the FIA stand age variable is
estimated from a sample of tree ages within the tree size class
containing a plurality of canopy trees in the plot, it does not
necessarily include the oldest trees, especially in uneven-aged
stands. Thus, the FIA stand age variable does not indicate whether the
trees in the predominant size class established in response to severe
fire, or established during the absence of fire. FIA stand age was not
designed to measure the time since a stand-replacing disturbance.
Quantification of historical "mixed-severity" fire regimes
must be explicit about the spatial scale of high-severity fire
effects, which is not possible using FIA stand age data.</div>
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<div><font face="Lucida Grande" size="-1"
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<div><font face="Geneva" size="-2" color="#000000">"In the early
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