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<!--StartFragment--><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">1- Robert W. Malmsheimer et al. Journal of Forestry. April/May 2008</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class=""><b class="">Opening sentences from the abstract:</b> “Forests are shaped
by climate. Along with soils, aspect, inclination, and elevation, climate
determines what will grow where and how well. Changes in temperature and
precipitation regimes therefore have the potential to dramatically affect
forests nationwide.”</span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class=""> </span></p><div class=""><br class=""></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class="">2- Andrei
P. Kirilenko and Roger A. Sedjo. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class="">Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class=""><b class="">Excerpts from the abstract:</b> “Our review is focused on
recent publications that discuss the changes in commercial forestry, excluding
the ecosystem functions of forests and nontimber forest products.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class="">….</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class="">The response of forestry to global warming is likely
to be multifaceted. On some sites, species more appropriate to the climate will
replace the earlier species that is no longer suited to the climate. Also,
planted forests can be relocated to more regions with more suitable climates.
In general, we would expect planting and associated forestry operations to tend
more toward higher latitudes, especially from some tropical sites, should they
warm substantially. Plantations would likely shift toward more subtropical
regions from tropical ones. In the United States, we might expect to see
planted forest moving northward, with more spilling over into Canada. In Latin
America forest plantations may shift toward southern Brazil and Argentina. In
some cases the same sites will be used but the choice of species will change to
those more suitable to the new climate."</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">To summarize,
something's happening here, and it's becoming increasingly clear to at least some in the forest
products industry --who have a clear interest in knowing-- that climate change makes a difference
to forests.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">The Forest Service itself has also been aware of changing conditions for
forests, for instance here:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><u class=""><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class="">Looking to the Future and Learning from the Past in our
National Forests</span></u><span style="font-family: Verdana;" class="">: Posted by <u class="">Randy Johnson, U.S. Forest Service
Research and Development Program</u>, on November 1, 2016 at 11:00 AM<o:p class=""></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class=""><a href="http://blogs.usda.gov/2016/11/01/looking-to-the-future-and-learning-from-the-past-in-our-national-forests/" class="">http://blogs.usda.gov/2016/11/01/looking-to-the-future-and-learning-from-the-past-in-our-national-forests/</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">Excerpt:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">“Forests are changing in ways they've never experienced
before because today's growing conditions are different from anything in the
past. The climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, exotic diseases and
pests are present, and landscapes are fragmented by human activity often
occurring at the same time and place.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">“When replanting a forest after disturbances, does it make
sense to try to reestablish what was there before? Or, should we find re-plant
material that might be more appropriate to current and future conditions of a
changing environment?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">“Restoration efforts on U.S. Forest Service managed lands
call for the use of locally adapted and appropriate native seed sources. The
science-based process for selecting these seeds varies, but in the past,
managers based decisions on the assumption that present site conditions are
similar to those of the past.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">“This may no longer be the case.”<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class=""> </span><a href="http://blogs.usda.gov/2016/11/01/looking-to-the-future-and-learning-from-the-past-in-our-national-forests/" class=""><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class="">http://blogs.usda.gov/2016/11/01/looking-to-the-future-and-learning-from-the-past-in-our-national-forests/</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p style="font-size: 14px;" class=""> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px;" class=""> </span></u></p>
<!--EndFragment--><div class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————<br class="">2016 - “Climate change impacts have now been documented across every ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only ~1°C so far.”<br class=""><br class="">Scheffers et al. The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people. Science, 11 NOVEMBER 2016<br class=""><br class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"> —————————————————————————————————————————————————--------------------------------------——<br class="">2011--" … analysis suggests that despite high-level statements to the contrary, there is now little to no chance of maintaining the global mean surface temperature at or below 2C. Moreover, the impacts associated with 2C have been revised upwards, sufficiently so that 2C now more appropriately represents the threshold between ‘dangerous’ and ‘extremely dangerous’ climate change."<br class=""> <br class="">Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows. Beyond ‘dangerous’ climate change: emission scenarios for a new world.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2011)</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class="">—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————<br class="">2004 --"Between 1C and 2C increases in global mean temperatures most species, ecosystems and landscapes will be impacted and adaptive capacity will become limited. With the already ongoing high rate of climate change, the decline in biodiversity will therefore accelerate and simultaneously many ecosystem services will become less abundant."<br class=""><br class="">Rik Leemans and Bas Eickhout. Another reason for concern: regional and global impacts on ecosystems for different levels of climate change. Global Environmental Change 14 (2004) 219–228</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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