<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><header class="journal-header" style="margin: 0px; padding: 3em 4em 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; position: relative; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-position: 0px 0px;"><ul class="u-horizontal-list" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; overflow: hidden; background-position: 0px 0px;"><li class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><a href="http://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1540-9309" class="journal-header__logo" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: block; float: left; background-position: 0px 0px;"><font size="3" class=""><img alt="Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment" class="journal-header__logo-img" apple-inline="yes" id="6678EC3B-85EE-48CC-97E2-54E99A4CC2D6" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; background-position: 0px 0px;" src="cid:9279772E-AFDE-42A3-A6DB-506CF6C75BFE@PK5001Z"></font></a></li></ul></header><article class="issue" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-position: 0px 0px;"><article id="main-content" class="article js-module" data-module="Article" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 4em 3em; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><header class="js-module article-header" data-module="ArticleHeader" style="margin: 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><div class="article-header__intro" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 18em 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; min-height: 5em; background-position: 0px 0px;"><h1 class="article-header__title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.421em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.2; clear: left; background-position: 0px 0px;"><font size="3" class="">Are conservation organizations configured for effective adaptation to global change?</font></h1><div class="article-header__authors-container" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: left; position: relative; background-position: 0px 0px;"><h2 class="is-accessible" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.4; left: -9999em; position: absolute; top: -9999em; background-position: 0px 0px;"><font size="3" class="">Authors</font></h2><ul class="js-module article-header__authors_list" data-module="keyboardHover" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; position: relative; background-position: 0px 0px;"><font size="3" class=""><li class="article-header__authors-item" data-hover-container="author1" data-author-name="Paul R Armsworth" style="margin: 0px 5px 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; position: relative; background-position: 0px 0px;"><h3 class="article-header__authors-name" data-hover-control="author1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.4; border-top-left-radius: 1px; border-top-right-radius: 1px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; background-position: 0px 0px;"><button type="button" class="button__link js-hover-helper" style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; border: none; padding: 0px 3px; text-align: left; border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; white-space: nowrap; background-position: 0px 0px;">Paul R Armsworth<span class="icon__article-header icon__email icon" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.313em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: url(applewebdata://0471FD17-80D8-43E1-87FA-BB6E9EFD0952/images/icons.png?version=1.13.0); display: inline-block; height: 12px; width: 16px; background-position: -79px -56px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">et all</span></button></h3></li></font></ul></div><div class="article-header__meta-info-container" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: left; background-position: 0px 0px;"><ul id="header-meta-info-container" class="article-header__meta-info-list" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; background-position: 0px 0px;"><li class="article-header__meta-info-item" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;"><b class="">April 2015</b></span></li></ul></div></div></header><section id="abstract" class="article-section article-section--abstract" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin: 0px 5.5em 1em; padding: 0.7em 2em 1.7em; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); clear: left; overflow: hidden; position: relative; z-index: 1;"><div class="mainAbstract article-section__content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: 0px 0px;"><h2 class="article-section__header" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(65, 65, 65); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.4; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">Abstract</span></h2><div class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5; background-position: 0px 0px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 14px;">Conservation organizations must adapt to respond to the ecological impacts of global change. Numerous changes to conservation actions (eg facilitated ecological transitions, managed relocations, or increased corridor development) have been recommended, but some institutional restructuring within organizations may also be needed. Here we discuss the capacity of conservation organizations to adapt to changing environmental conditions, focusing primarily on public agencies and nonprofits active in land protection and management in the US. After first reviewing how these organizations anticipate and detect impacts affecting target species and ecosystems, we then discuss whether they are sufficiently flexible to prepare and respond by reallocating funding, staff, or other resources. We raise new hypotheses about how the configuration of different organizations enables them to protect particular conservation targets and manage for particular biophysical changes that require coordinated management actions over different spatial and temporal scales. Finally, we provide a discussion resource to help conservation organizations assess their capacity to adapt.</span></div></div></section></article></article><div class="">
<div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">—————————————————————————————————————————<br class="">2006 - “Climate change is not a new topic in biology...... Observations of range shifts in parallel with climate change ... date back to the mid-1700s.”<br class=""><br class="">“This review … deals exclusively with observed responses of wild biological species and systems …. “<br class=""><br class="">"A surprising result is the high proportion of species responding to recent, relatively mild climate change (global average warming of 0.6 C)." <br class=""><br class="">Parmesan, Camille. Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change. The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 37: pp. 637-69. 2006.<br class=""><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">——————————————————————————————————————————</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">2016 - “Climate change impacts have now been documented across every ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only ~1°C so far.”<br class=""><br class="">Scheffers et al. The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people. Science, 11 NOVEMBER 2016</div></div>
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