<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><b class=""><font size="4" class="">Excerpt:</font></b> "<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">This March in</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> </span><em style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, </em><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">my</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1446" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1446&source=gmail&ust=1495653104303000&usg=AFQjCNELv7Ant6v_OJvA9ZQQOqpHJZvY9A" style="color: rgb(75, 182, 245); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">colleagues and I examine</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">how extracting, refining, and transporting bitumen products from oil sands can impact some of the world’s most biodiverse and productive ecosystems: our oceans. We review the current state of knowledge about 15 threats to marine life associated with transporting bitumen products to market via coastal shipping, and the effects of acidifying, warming, and rising seas caused by greenhouse gas emissions that intensify climate change.</span><div class=""><div class=""><font color="#333333" face="Source Sans Pro, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif" size="3" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></font></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 26px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal;" class="">"We found key research gaps that need to be filled, such as bitumen’s toxicity to marine species. We also identified opportunities where existing research could be better used to inform decisions about extraction, transport, and energy alternatives. Both filling knowledge gaps and taking better advantage of the scientific knowledge we already have are two crucial steps toward making informed choices about energy development for the future."</div><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Stephanie J Green, Kyle Demes, Michael Arbeider, Wendy J Palen, Anne K Salomon, Thomas D Sisk, Margot Webster, and Maureen E Ryan (2017)</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> </span><strong style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(28, 28, 28);" class="">Oil sands and the marine environment: current knowledge and future challenges.</strong><em style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> </em></div><div class=""><em style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Front Ecol Environ</em><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">15(2): 74–83, doi:</span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1446" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1446&source=gmail&ust=1495653104303000&usg=AFQjCNELv7Ant6v_OJvA9ZQQOqpHJZvY9A" style="color: rgb(75, 182, 245); font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Helvetica, Arial, Lucida, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">10.1002/fee.1446</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><a href="http://www.esa.org/esablog/research/oil-sands-frontiers-focus/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+Ecotone+(EcoTone)" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.esa.org/esablog/research/oil-sands-frontiers-focus/?utm_source%3Dfeedburner%26utm_medium%3Dfeed%26utm_campaign%3DFeed:%2BEcotone%2B(EcoTone)&source=gmail&ust=1495653104303000&usg=AFQjCNHxc3UqeqCF8uXj4N4LvekwDKZSZA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">http://www.esa.org/esablog/<wbr class="">research/oil-sands-frontiers-<wbr class="">focus/?utm_source=feedburner&<wbr class="">utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=<wbr class="">Feed%3A+Ecotone+%28EcoTone%29</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="">***************************************************************************<br class="">“Our results suggest that, globally, a third of oil reserves, half of gas reserves and over 80 per cent of current coal reserves should remain unused from 2010 to 2050 in order to meet the target of 2C.”<br class=""><br class=""> Christophe McGlade & Paul Ekins. The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2C. Nature. January 8 2015<br class=""></div>******************************************************************************************<br class="">“Fossil-fuel use and greenhouse-gas emissions are growing worldwide. Yet many scientists say deep emissions cuts are necessary … to prevent … dangerous consequences of global warming. Getting from here to there would require a massive economic shift.” </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class="">Rachel Pannett and Jeffrey Ball. “Australia Approves Energy Bill.” The Wall Street Journal p.A7, August 21, 2009</div></div>
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