
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="m_-944891577545030350cit" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.45em;"><span role="menubar" class=""><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21673158#" title="Poultry science." role="menuitem" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21673158%23&source=gmail&ust=1500043047622000&usg=AFQjCNEAmqO7paKeYXTJztPQXduYLiUT6w" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;" class="">Poultry Sci</a>ence</span> 2011 Jul;90(7):1435-40. </div><div class="m_-944891577545030350cit" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.45em;">doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01381.</div><h1 style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 1.25em;" class=""><font size="4" class="">Physiological responses of 3 chicken breeds to acute heat stress.</font></h1><div class="m_-944891577545030350auths" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 0.923em;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Soleimani%20AF%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21673158" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term%3DSoleimani%2520AF%255BAuthor%255D%26cauthor%3Dtrue%26cauthor_uid%3D21673158&source=gmail&ust=1500043047622000&usg=AFQjCNEmadkmpGeAhV_kNbyukssy4P6H0A" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;" class="">Soleimani AF</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Zulkifli%20I%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21673158" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term%3DZulkifli%2520I%255BAuthor%255D%26cauthor%3Dtrue%26cauthor_uid%3D21673158&source=gmail&ust=1500043047622000&usg=AFQjCNHzMDezl1HEV07lRSeyjvf6CIJSJw" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;" class="">Zulkifli I</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Omar%20AR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21673158" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term%3DOmar%2520AR%255BAuthor%255D%26cauthor%3Dtrue%26cauthor_uid%3D21673158&source=gmail&ust=1500043047622000&usg=AFQjCNFUf3dGSHc_0SYKF2s1-hg2uCjoiw" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;" class="">Omar AR</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Raha%20AR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21673158" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term%3DRaha%2520AR%255BAuthor%255D%26cauthor%3Dtrue%26cauthor_uid%3D21673158&source=gmail&ust=1500043047622000&usg=AFQjCNGOeMF9yo42YO48kZeoQGY7j89BeQ" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;" class="">Raha AR</a></div><div class="m_-944891577545030350afflist" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); zoom: 1;"><div class="m_-944891577545030350ui-helper-reset" aria-live="assertive" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 1.3; list-style: none; font-size: 13px;"></div></div><div class="m_-944891577545030350abstr" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.538em; margin: 1em auto auto;"><h3 style="font-size: 1.0769em; line-height: 1.2857; margin: 0px; display: inline;" class="">Abstract [bold added]</h3></div><div class="m_-944891577545030350abstr" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.538em; margin: 1em auto auto;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21673158" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21673158&source=gmail&ust=1500043047622000&usg=AFQjCNFCP2koUzrPdaDFYpeKYs0JIEwTGw" style="font-size: 12.8px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr class="">pubmed/21673158</a><font color="#985735" style="font-size: 12.8px; font-family: arial, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 15.0766px;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></span></font><div class=""><div style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em;" class=""><u class=""></u>Domestic animals have been modified by selecting individuals exhibiting desirable traits and culling the others. To investigate the alterations introduced by domestication and selective breeding in heat stress response, 2 experiments were conducted using Red Jungle Fowl (RJF), village fowl (VF), and <b class="">commercial broilers (CB)</b>. In experiment 1, RJF, VF, and CB of a common chronological age (30 d old) were exposed to 36 ± 1°C for 3 h. In experiment 2, RJF, VF, and CB of common BW (930 ± 15 g) were subjected to similar procedures as in experiment 1. Heat treatment significantly increased body temperature, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, and plasma corticosterone concentration in CB but not in VF and RJF. In both experiments and irrespective of stage of heat treatment, RJF showed lower heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, higher plasma corticosterone concentration, and higher heat shock protein 70 expression than VF and CB. It can be concluded that selective breeding for phenotypic traits in the domestication process has resulted in alterations in the physiology of CB and concomitantly the ability to withstand high ambient temperature compared with RJF and VF.<b class=""> In other words,</b> domestication and selective breeding are leading to individuals that are more susceptible to stress rather than resistant. It is also apparent that genetic differences in <b class="">body size and age per se</b> may not determine breed or strain variations in response to heat stress.<font face="arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 1.04em;" class=""><u class=""></u></font></div></div></div><div class="m_-944891577545030350aux" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.2em auto auto; line-height: 1.4em;"><div class="m_-944891577545030350resc" style="color: rgb(87, 87, 87); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-variant-ligatures: normal;"><dl class="m_-944891577545030350rprtid" style="margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.4em; display: inline;"><dt style="display: inline; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 0px !important;" class="">PMID:</dt> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;" class="">21673158</dd> <dt style="display: inline; padding: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; white-space: nowrap; margin-left: 10px !important;" class="">DOI:</dt> <dd style="margin: 0px; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap;" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01381" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01381&source=gmail&ust=1500043047622000&usg=AFQjCNHCvQyRTbWpUIey1pB7c4TBrSj8qQ" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom-width: 0px;" class="">10.3382/ps.2011-01381</a></dd></dl></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">

<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">“Whereas any one line of evidence may be weak in itself, a number of lines of evidence, </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">taken together and found to be consistent, reinforce one another exponentially.”</div><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Preston Cloud and</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class=""> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Aharon Gibor. </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class="">The</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class="">Oxygen</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class="">Cycle.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class=""> </span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class="">Scientific</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class="">American</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class="">,</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class=""> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;" class="">September 1970</span></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">

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