<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><b class=""><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46);" class=""><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNEUoTkSVzdcHJ9s2ucbxVhACIb70g" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">Quaternary International</a><u class="">. </u></span></span></b><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46);" class="">Available online 10 July 2017</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;" class=""><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/aip/10406182" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/aip/10406182&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNFPZMTcszWnDULrVwgR8R2CwkeZWQ" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); border: none; text-decoration: none;" class="">In Press, Corrected Proof</span></a></span><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46);" class=""> <u class=""></u></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div id="m_-1516604866043524468frag_1" class="m_-1516604866043524468auth_frag m_-1516604866043524468page_fragment" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; font-variant-ligatures: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h1 class="m_-1516604866043524468svTitle" id="m_-1516604866043524468title0010" style="color: inherit; border: 0px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.4; clear: both;"><font size="4" class="">A 1,500-year synthesis of wildfire activity stratified by elevation from the U.S. Rocky Mountains</font></h1><ul class="m_-1516604866043524468noCollab m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor m_-1516604866043524468authorGroup" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 6px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; display: inline;"><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400a690" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNHLDCCFXVbnoXv7x8Qpv5Pjj3AjUg" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vachel A. Carter</a><a title="Affiliation: a" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff1" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff1" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff1&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNGJzHrvEcHol2ZvUvBJ-qLCCwQkTg" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">a</sup></a><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">, </sup><a title="Affiliation: d" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff4" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff4&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNGtEqDAlLuZcC-5WZTDcJWrzM0bZA" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">d</sup></a><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">,</sup>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400a870" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNHLDCCFXVbnoXv7x8Qpv5Pjj3AjUg" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mitchell J. Power</a><a title="Affiliation: b" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff2" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff2" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff2&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNFvl84n0gwl3TYIya8HFTovlVFmPA" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">b</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400a924" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNHLDCCFXVbnoXv7x8Qpv5Pjj3AjUg" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Zachary J. Lundeen</a><a title="Affiliation: c" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff3" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff3" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff3&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNEVtb6GNUn1tkOM3FUrmL4qCP6ieg" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">c</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400a9d8" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNHLDCCFXVbnoXv7x8Qpv5Pjj3AjUg" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jesse L. Morris</a><a title="Affiliation: d" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff4" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff4&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNGtEqDAlLuZcC-5WZTDcJWrzM0bZA" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">d</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400aa8c" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNHLDCCFXVbnoXv7x8Qpv5Pjj3AjUg" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kenneth L. Petersen</a><a title="Affiliation: d" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff4" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff4&source=gmail&ust=1501946696473000&usg=AFQjCNGtEqDAlLuZcC-5WZTDcJWrzM0bZA" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">d</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400ab40" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNEkVGink32pq-Al1N4bvlcThosAYw" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Andrea Brunelle</a><a title="Affiliation: d" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff4" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff4&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNGSAqZNKYJcxz0Jcffo6WIZG0vw2w" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">d</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400abf4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNEkVGink32pq-Al1N4bvlcThosAYw" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">R. Scott Anderson</a><a title="Affiliation: e" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff5" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff5" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff5&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNHqJn-oaHg9fOTyATzZ-ntVEGHPJQ" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">e</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400aca8" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNEkVGink32pq-Al1N4bvlcThosAYw" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jacqueline J. Shinker</a><a title="Affiliation: f" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff6" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff6" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff6&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNFf3bZzhQhJHlpa_rOsojiemBUO2w" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">f</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400ad5c" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNEkVGink32pq-Al1N4bvlcThosAYw" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lovina Turney</a><a title="Affiliation: g" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff7" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff7" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff7&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNGr_Jbivjq8OlSGR5bEkQLZPwQtgw" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">g</sup></a>, </li><li class="m_-1516604866043524468smh5" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#" class="m_-1516604866043524468authorName m_-1516604866043524468svAuthor" id="m_-1516604866043524468authname_N44024b00N4400ae10" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNEkVGink32pq-Al1N4bvlcThosAYw" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rebecca Koll</a><a title="Affiliation: h" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919#aff8" class="m_-1516604866043524468intra_ref m_-1516604866043524468auth_aff" id="m_-1516604866043524468baff8" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216315919%23aff8&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNHlnAudYY3BUmkYmQyFjsLDG4iXFQ" style="color: rgb(49, 108, 157); text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0;" class="">h</sup></a>,</li></ul><div id="m_-1516604866043524468currtAsOf" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""></div><div id="m_-1516604866043524468showMoreButtons" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><br class=""></div><dl class="m_-1516604866043524468extLinks m_-1516604866043524468nonEmpty" style="border: 0px; margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 30px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto;"><dd class="m_-1516604866043524468doiLink" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 431.188px; float: left;"></dd><dd class="m_-1516604866043524468doi" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"><font color="#316c9d" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.051" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.051&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNHEOE158GGo-KaKPsI-rBLAdYx6Rw" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.<wbr class="">quaint.2017.06.051</a></font></dd><dd class="m_-1516604866043524468doi" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"><br class=""></dd><dd class="m_-1516604866043524468doi" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 13px;" class=""><a class="m_-1516604866043524468cExLink m_-1516604866043524468S_C_outLinks" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=ELS&contentID=S1040618216315919&orderBeanReset=true" title="Get rights and content" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName%3DELS%26contentID%3DS1040618216315919%26orderBeanReset%3Dtrue&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNEsENABEMRRGXr1Q5eqWFrJX5zEdg" style="text-decoration: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 13px; display: inline !important;">Abstract</a></span></dd><dd class="m_-1516604866043524468doi" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-spacing: -0.15ex;" class=""><br class=""></span></dd><dd class="m_-1516604866043524468doi" style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="word-spacing: -0.15ex;" class="">A key task in fire-climate research in the western United States is to characterize potential future fire-climate linkages across different elevational gradients. Using thirty-seven sedimentary charcoal records, here we present a 1500-year synthesis of wildfire activity across different elevational gradients to characterize fire-climate linkages. From our results, we have identified three periods of elevated fire occurrence centered on the 20th century, 900 cal yr BP, and 1350 cal yr BP. During the 20th century, fire activity has occurred primarily in the northern Rocky Mountains, with mid-elevations experiencing the greatest increase in wildfire activity. While wildfires occurred primarily in the SRM region ∼900 cal yr BP, the greatest increase in high-elevations occurred in the NRM at this time. Finally, synchronous wildfires occurred in both northern and southern Rocky Mountain mid-elevations ∼1350 cal yr BP, suggesting a potential analog for future wildfire conditions in response to warmer temperatures and more protracted droughts. We conclude that wildfire activity increased in most elevations during periods of protracted summer drought, warmer-than-average temperatures, and based on modern climate analogs, reduced atmospheric humidity.</span></dd></dl></div><div class=""><div class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^<wbr class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^</div><div class="">Despite recognizing the downsides of debt, the lure of spending remains strong. After covering off on necessities, Americans said 40% </div><div class="">of their monthly income goes toward discretionary spending on entertainment, leisure travel, hobbies, etc. In fact, when asked what </div><div class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">financial pitfalls they are prone to, one quarter of Americans flagged “excessive/frivolous” spending.</span><br style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.northwesternmutual.com/about-us/studies/planning-and-progress-study-2017" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.northwesternmutual.com/about-us/studies/planning-and-progress-study-2017&source=gmail&ust=1501946696474000&usg=AFQjCNH6PPx9oFoDM7_7InZ6trcDuHEj4A" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://www.<wbr class="">northwesternmutual.com/about-<wbr class="">us/studies/planning-and-<wbr class="">progress-study-2017</a><br class=""></div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></div></div></div><div class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">============================================<br class="">“By the end of the 21st century, forest ecosystems in the United States </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">will differ from those of today as a result of changing climate.”</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Effects of climatic variability and change on forest ecosystems: </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">a comprehensive science synthesis for the U.S. General Technical </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Report PNW-GTR-870. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 265 p. </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Vose, James M.; Peterson, David L.; Patel-Weynand, Toral. 2012. <br class=""><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><a href="http://treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/42610" class="">http://treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/42610</a></div>
</div>
<br class=""></body></html>