<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Bookman Old Style" size="4" class="">“<span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class="">This study informs debate in the literature regarding whether these increasingly large fires are ‘ecological catastrophes.’ </span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class=""><font face="Bookman Old Style" size="4" class="">Landscape-scale severe burning was catastrophic from a tree overstory perspective, but from an understory perspective, </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class=""><font face="Bookman Old Style" size="4" class="">burning promoted rich and productive native understories, despite the entire 10-year postfire period receiving below-</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class=""><font face="Bookman Old Style" size="4" class="">average precipitation.”</font></span></p><div class=""><br class=""></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class="">SCOTT R. ABELLA</span><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class=""> </span><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class="">and PAULA J. FORNWALT. </span><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class="">Ten years of vegetation assembly after a North American mega fire. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i class=""><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class="">Global Change Biology</span></i><span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);" class=""> (2014), doi: 10.1111/gcb.12722</span></p></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><br class=""><div class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">***********************************************<br class="">"Income and Outgo of Heat from the Earth, and the Dependence of Its Temperature Thereon."<br class=""><br class="">A presentation by Abbot, Charles G., and F.E. Fowle, Jr. Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory (Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC) 2: 159-176. </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><b class="">1908</b><br class="">++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br class="">"The most likely way the climate could be influenced by either natural or artificial means seems to be through a trigger mechanism that ultimately changes the radiation balance."<br class=""><br class="">Abraham Oort. "The Energy Cycle of the Earth," Scientific American. </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: normal;" class="">September </span><b class="">1970</b><br class="">++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br class="">" The molecule of carbon dioxide has strong absorption bonds, particularly in the infrared region of the spectrum at wavelengths of from 12 to 18 microns. This is the spectral region where most of the thermal energy radiating from earth to space is concentrated. By increasing the absorption of this radiation ... carbon dioxide reduces the amount of heat energy lost by earth to outer space."<br class=""><br class="">Fred S. Singer, "Human Energy Production as a process in the biosphere," Scientific American</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span style="font-weight: normal;" class="">September </span><b class="">1970.</b></div></div></div>
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