<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><p class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Justin Adams, Global Lands Managing Director, The Nature Conservancy, commented: “…. <b class="">Managing our lands better is absolutely key to beating climate change.</b> </p><p class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b class="">The PNAS study shows us that those responsible for the lands - governments, the forestry companies and farms, the fishermen and property developers - </b></p><p class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b class="">are just as important to achieving this as the solar, wind and electric car businesses'."</b></p><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><font size="4" class="">PNAS <span class="bc-sep" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/recent" class="" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">Early Edition</a></font><div class=""><font size="4" class=""><br class=""></font><ul id="site-breadcrumbs" class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none outside none; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><li class="lastcrumb" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;"><span class="doi" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" class="">doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710465114</font></span></li></ul><br class="" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; clear: both;"><div class="crossmark-logo" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><br class=""></div><div class="article abstract-view " itemprop="articleBody" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: inherit; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><h1 id="article-title-1" itemprop="headline" class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 24px; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important;">Natural climate solutions</h1><div class="contributors" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1" style="margin: 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Bronson+W.+Griscom&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Bronson W. Griscom</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a><span class="xref-sep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.6em; color: rgb(0, 102, 164);">,</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">b</span></a><span class="xref-sep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.6em; color: rgb(0, 102, 164);">,</span><a id="xref-corresp-1-1" class="xref-corresp" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#corresp-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">1</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Justin+Adams&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Justin Adams</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Peter+W.+Ellis&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Peter W. Ellis</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-3" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Richard+A.+Houghton&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Richard A. Houghton</a></span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">c</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Guy+Lomax&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Guy Lomax</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-4" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>,</li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-6" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Daniela+A.+Miteva&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Daniela A. Miteva</a></span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">d</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-7" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=William+H.+Schlesinger&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">William H. Schlesinger</a></span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">e</span></a><span class="xref-sep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.6em; color: rgb(0, 102, 164);">,</span><a id="xref-corresp-1-2" class="xref-corresp" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#corresp-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">1</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-8" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=David+Shoch&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">David Shoch</a></span><a id="xref-aff-6-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-6" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">f</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-9" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Juha+V.+Siikam%C3%A4ki&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Juha V. Siikamäki</a></span><a id="xref-aff-7-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">g</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-10" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Pete+Smith&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Pete Smith</a></span><a id="xref-aff-8-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-8" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">h</span></a>,</li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-11" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Peter+Woodbury&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Peter Woodbury</a></span><a id="xref-aff-9-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">i</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-12" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Chris+Zganjar&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Chris Zganjar</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-5" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-13" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Allen+Blackman&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Allen Blackman</a></span><a id="xref-aff-7-2" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">g</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-14" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Jo%C3%A3o+Campari&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">João Campari</a></span><a id="xref-aff-10-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">j</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-15" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Richard+T.+Conant&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Richard T. Conant</a></span><a id="xref-aff-11-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-11" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">k</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-16" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Christopher+Delgado&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Christopher Delgado</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-12" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">l</span></a>,</li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-17" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Patricia+Elias&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Patricia Elias</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-6" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-18" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Trisha+Gopalakrishna&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Trisha Gopalakrishna</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-7" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-19" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Marisa+R.+Hamsik&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Marisa R. Hamsik</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-8" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-20" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Mario+Herrero&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Mario Herrero</a></span><a id="xref-aff-13-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-13" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">m</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-21" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Joseph+Kiesecker&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Joseph Kiesecker</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-9" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>,</li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-22" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Emily+Landis&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Emily Landis</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-10" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-23" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Lars+Laestadius&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Lars Laestadius</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-2" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-12" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">l</span></a><span class="xref-sep" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.6em; color: rgb(0, 102, 164);">,</span><a id="xref-aff-14-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-14" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">n</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-24" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Sara+M.+Leavitt&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Sara M. Leavitt</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-11" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-25" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Susan+Minnemeyer&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Susan Minnemeyer</a></span><a id="xref-aff-12-3" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-12" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">l</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-26" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Stephen+Polasky&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Stephen Polasky</a></span><a id="xref-aff-15-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-15" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">o</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-27" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Peter+Potapov&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Peter Potapov</a></span><a id="xref-aff-16-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-16" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">p</span></a>,</li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-28" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Francis+E.+Putz&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Francis E. Putz</a></span><a id="xref-aff-17-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-17" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">q</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-29" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Jonathan+Sanderman&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Jonathan Sanderman</a></span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">c</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-30" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Marcel+Silvius&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Marcel Silvius</a></span><a id="xref-aff-18-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-18" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">r</span></a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-31" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; display: inline;"><span class="name" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Eva+Wollenberg&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Eva Wollenberg</a></span><a id="xref-aff-19-1" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-19" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">s</span></a>, and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-32" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.7; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; background-image: none; display: inline;"><span class="name" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer;"><a class="name-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?author1=Joseph+Fargione&sortspec=date&submit=Submit" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); white-space: nowrap; cursor: pointer;">Joseph Fargione</a></span><a id="xref-aff-1-12" class="xref-aff" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/10/11/1710465114#aff-1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: 0.2em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">a</span></a></li></ol></div><div class="significance-box executive-summary" style="margin: 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 1.5em; border: 2px solid rgb(54, 115, 159); outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-top-right-radius: 20px; border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 20px;"><h2 class="" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 4px 0px 0px; border: medium none; outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 16.8px; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important;">Significance</h2><p id="p-6" class="" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Most nations recently agreed to hold global average temperature rise to well below 2 °C. We examine how much climate mitigation nature can contribute to this goal with a comprehensive analysis of “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and/or improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We show that NCS can provide over one-third of the cost-effective climate mitigation needed between now and 2030 to stabilize warming to below 2 °C. Alongside aggressive fossil fuel emissions reductions, NCS offer a powerful set of options for nations to deliver on the Paris Climate Agreement while improving soil productivity, cleaning our air and water, and maintaining biodiversity.</p></div><div class="section abstract" id="abstract-2" style="margin: 17px 0px 0px; padding: 15px 0px 0px; border-width: medium 0px 0px; border-top-style: none; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both;"><h2 class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 24px; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important;">Abstract</h2><p id="p-7" class="" style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.5; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Better stewardship of land is needed to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of holding warming to below 2 °C; however, confusion persists about the specific set of land stewardship options available and their mitigation potential. To address this, we identify and quantify “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We find that the maximum potential of NCS—when constrained by food security, fiber security, and biodiversity conservation—is 23.8 petagrams of CO<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10.5px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span> equivalent (PgCO<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10.5px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>e) y<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">−1</span> (95% CI 20.3–37.4). This is ≥30% higher than prior estimates, which did not include the full range of options and safeguards considered here. About half of this maximum (11.3 PgCO<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10.5px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>e y<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">−1</span>) represents cost-effective climate mitigation, assuming the social cost of CO<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10.5px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span> pollution is ≥100 USD MgCO<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10.5px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>e<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">−1</span> by 2030. Natural climate solutions can provide 37% of cost-effective CO<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10.5px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span> mitigation needed through 2030 for a >66% chance of holding warming to below 2 °C. One-third of this cost-effective NCS mitigation can be delivered at or below 10 USD MgCO<span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 10.5px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.6em;">−1</span>. Most NCS actions—if effectively implemented—also offer water filtration, flood buffering, soil health, biodiversity habitat, and enhanced climate resilience. Work remains to better constrain uncertainty of NCS mitigation estimates. Nevertheless, existing knowledge reported here provides a robust basis for immediate global action to improve ecosystem stewardship as a major solution to climate change.</p></div><ul class="kwd-group" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; border-top-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.833em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 2; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none outside none;"><li class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.25em; border-width: 0px 1px 0px 0px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.4; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?fulltext=climate+mitigation&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;">climate mitigation</a></span></li> <li class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.25em; border-width: 0px 1px 0px 0px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.4; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?fulltext=forests&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;">forests</a></span></li> <li class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.25em; border-width: 0px 1px 0px 0px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.4; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?fulltext=agriculture&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;">agriculture</a></span></li> <li class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.25em; border-width: 0px 1px 0px 0px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.4; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?fulltext=wetlands&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;">wetlands</a></span></li> <li class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.25em; border: none; outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.4; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="kwd-search" href="http://www.pnas.org/search?fulltext=ecosystems&sortspec=date&submit=Submit&andorexactfulltext=phrase" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); cursor: pointer;">ecosystems</a></span></li></ul><div class=""><li class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.25em; border: none; outline-style: none; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1.4; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br class=""></li></div></div></div></div><div class="">-------------------------------------------------------------------<br class=""><br class="">“Making connections is the essence of scientific progress.”<br class=""><br class="">Chris Quigg, “Aesthetic Science,”<br class=""><br class="">Scientific American, April 1999</div><div class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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