<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i class="">Nature Climate Change</i> </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Published online:</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">18 September 2017</span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Increased costs to US pavement infrastructure from future temperature rise</span></div><ul class="" style="list-style-type: none;"><li class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#auth-1" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">B. Shane Underwood</span></a></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#auth-2" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);">Zack Guido</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#auth-3" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);">Padmini Gudipudi</span></a> & <span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#auth-4" class="">Yarden Feinberg</a></span></span></li><li class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><br class=""></span></li><li class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);"><span class="" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Abstract <b class="">[ bold added ]</b></span></li></ul><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390" class="">https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390</a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><br class=""></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Roadway design aims to maximize functionality, safety, and longevity<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#ref1" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);">1</span></a>,<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#ref2" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);">2</span></a>. The materials used for construction, however, are often selected on the assumption of a stationary climate<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#ref1" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);">1</span></a>,<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3390#ref3" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153);">3</span></a>. Anthropogenic climate change may therefore result in rapid infrastructure failure and, consequently, increased maintenance costs, particularly for paved roads where temperature is a key determinant for material selection. Here, we examine the economic costs of projected temperature changes on asphalt roads across the contiguous United States using an ensemble of 19 global climate models forced with RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. <span class="">Over the past 20 years, stationary assumptions have resulted in incorrect material selection for 35% of 799 observed locations. With warming temperatures, maintaining the standard practice for material selection is estimated to add approximately US$13.6, US$19.0 and US$21.8 billion to pavement costs by 2010, 2040 and 2070 under RCP4.5</span>, respectively, increasing to US$14.5, US$26.3 and US$35.8 for RCP8.5.<b class=""> These costs will disproportionately affect local municipalities that have fewer resources to mitigate impacts. Failing to update engineering standards</b> of practice in light of climate change therefore significantly threatens pavement infrastructure in the United States.</span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">#3. Swallow hard — and raise the price of carbon. If we are to meet climate pledges made under the Paris climate agreement, the cost of emitting carbon dioxide must rise to $50–$100 per ton by 2030, dramatically higher than the current EU price of less than $6. </span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Harvard Business Review</span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><a href="https://hbr.org/2018/01/climate-change-is-an-overwhelming-problem-here-are-4-things-executives-can-do-today" class="">https://hbr.org/2018/01/climate-change-is-an-overwhelming-problem-here-are-4-things-executives-can-do-today</a></span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">#3. Swallow hard — and raise the price of carbon. If we are to meet climate pledges made under the Paris climate agreement, the cost of emitting carbon dioxide must rise to $50–$100 per ton by 2030, dramatically higher than the current EU price of less than $6. <br class=""><br class="">Harvard Business Review<br class=""><a href="https://hbr.org/2018/01/climate-change-is-an-overwhelming-problem-here-are-4-things-executives-can-do-today" class="">https://hbr.org/2018/01/climate-change-is-an-overwhelming-problem-here-are-4-things-executives-can-do-today</a></div></div></div>
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