<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Carbon taxes could make significant dent in climate change, study finds</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Several different carbon-pricing approaches would help reduce emissions, and some would be fair as well, researchers report.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">David L. Chandler | MIT News Office </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">April 6, 2018</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="http://news.mit.edu/2018/carbon-taxes-could-make-significant-dent-climate-change-0406" class=""><b class="">http://news.mit.edu/2018/carbon-taxes-could-make-significant-dent-climate-change-0406</b><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""></b></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Excerpts</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Putting a price on carbon, in the form of a fee or tax on the use of fossil fuels, coupled with returning the generated revenue to the public in one form or another, can be an effective way to curb emissions of greenhouse gases. That’s one of the conclusions of an extensive analysis of several versions of such proposals, carried out by researchers at MIT and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">What’s more, depending on the exact mechanism chosen, such a tax can also be fair and not hurt low-income households, the researchers report.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Eleven research teams at different institutions carried out the research using a common set of starting assumptions and policies. While significant details differed, all the studies agreed that carbon taxes can be effective and, if properly designed, need not be regressive.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">An overview report on the 11 studies appears today in the journal <i class="">Climate Change Economics <<</i><a href="https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2010007818400158" class=""><span style="color: #000000; background-color: transparent" class="">https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2010007818400158</span></a><i class="">>> </i>along with reports on the individual team results. The MIT and NREL team included former MIT postdoc Justin Caron, MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Co-Director John Reilly, and Stuart Cohen and Maxwell Brown of NREL.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“It’s sort of an obvious solution,” Reilly says, “to take some chunk of the money and use it to focus on the poorest households, and use the rest to cut taxes. It doesn’t seem like a hard thing.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“By taxing carbon,” Caron says, “we will collect a lot of money that can be used to supplant other taxes that we like less. Why tax something that we like?” And, he adds, by using just a small portion of that revenue — less than 10 percent — it’s possible “to compensate the lower-income people and neutralize the regressivity.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">But even at the lowest end of the policies they studied, with a $25-per-ton initial tax,” that “would be adequate to meet the U.S. pledge in Paris” for 2030. But the rate of increase is important, the study says: “Five percent a year is sufficient. One percent a year is not.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Reilly says “all these tax scenarios at worst meet U.S. commitments for 2030, and the $50 tax is well exceeding it.” Many experts say the Paris Agreement alone will not be sufficient to curb catastrophic consequences of global climate change, but this single measure would go a long way toward reducing that impact, Reilly says.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">======================================</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">"We live in a moment of history where change is so speeded up that </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">we begin to see the present only when it is already disappearing."</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">R. D. Laing. Introduction, The Politics of Experience. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">1967, New York. Pantheon Books, a division of Random House</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;">======================================<br class="">"We live in a moment of history where change is so speeded up that </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;">we begin to see the present only when it is already disappearing."</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;">R. D. Laing. Introduction, The Politics of Experience. <br class="">1967, New York. Pantheon Books, a division of Random House</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>