<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><p style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 4px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: calc(1.5em + 0.3333vw); color: rgb(17, 17, 17);" class="">"These various records add to a growing list of heat milestones set over the past 15 months that are part and parcel of a planet that is trending hotter as greenhouse gas concentrations increase because of human activity:</p><ul style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; color: rgb(17, 17, 17);" class=""><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">In April, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/05/01/a-city-in-pakistan-may-have-just-endured-the-hottest-april-temperature-ever-observed-on-earth/?utm_term=.4bf023d72924" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/05/01/a-city-in-pakistan-may-have-just-endured-the-hottest-april-temperature-ever-observed-on-earth/?utm_term%3D.4bf023d72924&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNFjfdc8yz5EUpGATjyFO_l1axYnnw" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">Pakistan posted the hottest temperature ever observed on Earth during the month</a> of 122.4 degrees (50.2 Celsius).</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Dallas had never hit 90 degrees in November before, but it did so <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/11/06/dallas-had-never-hit-90-degrees-in-november-it-just-did-so-three-of-the-past-four-days/?utm_term=.dcdae2a4d59e" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/11/06/dallas-had-never-hit-90-degrees-in-november-it-just-did-so-three-of-the-past-four-days/?utm_term%3D.dcdae2a4d59e&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNG-bl7hkU22soMHykGFw7UaZGJb0w" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">three times <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_231733024" style="border: none !important; position: static !important; top: -2px; z-index: auto !important; cursor: inherit !important;"><span class="aQJ" style="position: static !important; top: 2px; z-index: auto !important; border: none !important; cursor: inherit !important;">in four days</span></span></a> in 2017.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">In late October 2017, temperatures soared to 108 degrees in Southern California, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/10/25/southern-california-stews-in-most-extreme-heat-nation-has-ever-seen-so-late-in-year/?utm_term=.646494fcb9de" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/10/25/southern-california-stews-in-most-extreme-heat-nation-has-ever-seen-so-late-in-year/?utm_term%3D.646494fcb9de&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNH9tFEQYp-3Xc9gd-01TlDMHWfE5A" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">the hottest weather on record so late in the season in the entire United States.</a></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">On Sept. 1, 2017, San Francisco hit 106 degrees, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/09/01/san-francisco-smashes-all-time-record-high-temperature-hits-106-degrees/?utm_term=.8e6880a01cd1" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/09/01/san-francisco-smashes-all-time-record-high-temperature-hits-106-degrees/?utm_term%3D.8e6880a01cd1&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNEDOWqA9WqT_CdnwNl6Sl8gccdVhA" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">smashing its all-time hottest temperature</a>.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">In late July 2017, Shanghai <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/07/21/the-worlds-most-populated-city-shanghai-just-had-its-hottest-day-in-recorded-history/?utm_term=.727e12c522e1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/07/21/the-worlds-most-populated-city-shanghai-just-had-its-hottest-day-in-recorded-history/?utm_term%3D.727e12c522e1&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNHNR5h4l87OmTFmhp2fNSPMaAmqww" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">registered its highest temperature in recorded history</a>, 105.6 degrees (40.9 Celsius).</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">In mid-July, <a href="https://www.thespainreport.com/articles/1059-170714193744-spain-breaks-all-time-highest-temperature-record" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.thespainreport.com/articles/1059-170714193744-spain-breaks-all-time-highest-temperature-record&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNGNV0euFDJB4RrbyCtvYz2xzlZrlw" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">Spain posted its highest temperature recorded</a> when Cordoba Airport (in the south) hit 116.4 degrees (46.9 Celsius).</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">In July 2017, Death Valley, Calif., endured <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/03/death-valley-just-experienced-the-hottest-month-ever-recorded-in-the-u-s/?utm_term=.52d363b5d972" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/03/death-valley-just-experienced-the-hottest-month-ever-recorded-in-the-u-s/?utm_term%3D.52d363b5d972&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNHR9WDDqUoyaZ8VerGzaoz3qhBHpA" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">the hottest month recorded on Earth</a>.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">In late June 2017, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/06/29/iran-city-soars-to-record-of-129-degrees-near-hottest-ever-reliably-measured-on-earth/?utm_term=.9b610b86683c" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/06/29/iran-city-soars-to-record-of-129-degrees-near-hottest-ever-reliably-measured-on-earth/?utm_term%3D.9b610b86683c&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNEtHeVbM20PymbVcyvVcVOLpJ24zA" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">Ahvaz, Iran, soared to 128.7 degrees Fahrenheit</a> (53.7 Celsius) — that country’s all-time hottest temperature.</li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">In late May 2017, the western town of Turbat in Pakistan hit 128.3 degrees (53.5 Celsius), tying the all-time highest temperature in that country and the world-record temperature for May, <a href="https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/historic-heat-wave-sweeps-asia-middle-east-and-europe" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/historic-heat-wave-sweeps-asia-middle-east-and-europe&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNHRQhIK6kfIQcI-ibK5lQmGUq8OLw" style="color: rgb(25, 85, 165); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;" class="">according to Masters</a>."</li></ul><div style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/07/03/hot-planet-all-time-heat-records-have-been-set-all-over-the-world-in-last-week/?utm_term=.84c7c9cd7493" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/07/03/hot-planet-all-time-heat-records-have-been-set-all-over-the-world-in-last-week/?utm_term%3D.84c7c9cd7493&source=gmail&ust=1530807130689000&usg=AFQjCNHEBtB5WicGdK4C1BX-M8FBwFc41Q" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://www.washingtonpost.<wbr class="">com/news/capital-weather-gang/<wbr class="">wp/2018/07/03/hot-planet-all-<wbr class="">time-heat-records-have-been-<wbr class="">set-all-over-the-world-in-<wbr class="">last-week/?utm_term=.<wbr class="">84c7c9cd7493</a></div><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">****************. international trade. ***************<br class=""><br class="">"The global shipping industry is continuing to release more and more greenhouse gas emissions by the year, <br class="">according to a new study released by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT).<br class=""><br class="">"The findings are the result of an analysis utilizing 'state of the art' global ship operations (AIS) data, along <br class="">with detailed vessel characteristics relating to over half a million ships — collectively used to estimate <br class="">greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution released by shipping “at high resolution (1° x 1°) on an hourly <br class="">basis for the years 2013 to 2015.”<br class=""><br class="">CleanTechnica Oct 24 2017<br class=""><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2017/10/24/icct-shipping-industrys-greenhouse-gas-emissions-rise/" class="">https://cleantechnica.com/2017/10/24/icct-shipping-industrys-greenhouse-gas-emissions-rise/</a><br class=""></span></div><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">****************************************<br class=""><br class="">"We linked 25,000 Animalia species threat records from the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List to more than 15,000 commodities …. <br class="">we found that 30% of global species threats are due to international trade. In many developed countries, the consumption of imported coffee, tea, sugar, <br class="">textiles, fish and ... manufactured items causes a biodiversity footprint that is larger abroad than at home."<br class=""><br class="">M. Lenzen, D. Moran, K. Kanemoto, B. Foran, L. Lobefaro & A. Geschke.<br class="">International trade drives biodiversity threats in developing nations. <br class="">Nature 7 June 2012 doi:10.1038/nature11145</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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