<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><li class=" algo-result algo1" ul-attr-acor="1" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06827-x" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;">The <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">costs</b> of <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate inaction</b> - Nature</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06827-x" class="">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06827-x</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">Sep 25, 2018 <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">...</b> The <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">costs</b> of <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate inaction</b>. A new analysis breaks down the likely social <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">cost</b> of carbon emissions by country and should make unhappy ...</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo2" ul-attr-acor="2" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="https://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/global-warming/reduce-emissions/climate-change-united-states-prohibitive-costs-inaction" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Climate</b> Change in the United States: The Prohibitive <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Costs of Inaction</b> ...</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/global-warming/reduce-emissions/climate-change-united-states-prohibitive-costs-inaction" class="">https://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/global-warming/reduce-emissions/climate-change-united-states-prohibitive-costs-inaction</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">If global warming emissions continue to rise unabated, we will see growing <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">costs</b> related to <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change. This fact sheet reports some of the projected ...</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo3" ul-attr-acor="3" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/sites/default/files/The%20cost%20of%20inaction_0.pdf" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;">The <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">cost of inaction</b> - Economist Intelligence Unit</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/sites/default/files/The%20cost%20of%20inaction_0.pdf" class="">https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/sites/default/files/The%20cost%20of%20inaction_0.pdf</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">is facing the prospect of significant losses from the effects of <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change. ..... The <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">cost of inaction</b>: Recognising the value at risk from <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change is a ...</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo4" ul-attr-acor="4" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/06/22/inaction-on-climate-change-would-cost-billions-in-economic-losses-major-epa-sponsored-study-finds/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Inaction</b> on <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change would <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">cost</b> billions, major EPA study finds ...</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/06/22/inaction-on-climate-change-would-cost-billions-in-economic-losses-major-epa-sponsored-study-finds/" class="">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/06/22/inaction-on-climate-change-would-cost-billions-in-economic-losses-major-epa-sponsored-study-finds/</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">Jun 22, 2015 <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">...</b> The five-year EPA study says global action on <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change would prevent nearly 70000 premature deaths and more than $100 billion in ...</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo5" ul-attr-acor="5" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="http://www.caneurope.org/publications/presentations/1645-infographic-costs-of-inaction-on-climate-change-in-europe" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;">Infographic: <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Costs of inaction</b> on <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change in Europe</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="http://www.caneurope.org/publications/presentations/1645-infographic-costs-of-inaction-on-climate-change-in-europe" class="">http://www.caneurope.org/publications/presentations/1645-infographic-costs-of-inaction-on-climate-change-in-europe</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">Sep 7, 2018 <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">...</b> Infographic: <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Costs of inaction</b> on <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change in Europe ... shows that <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b>- related extreme weather events already cost Europe dearly.</span></li><li class="algo6 algo-result " ul-attr-acor="6" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/technical_report_2007_13" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Climate</b> change: the <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">cost of inaction</b> and the cost of adaptation ...</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/technical_report_2007_13" class="">https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/technical_report_2007_13</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">Information on the environment for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public.</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo7" ul-attr-acor="7" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="http://theconversation.com/inaction-on-climate-change-risks-leaving-future-generations-530-trillion-in-debt-81134" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Inaction</b> on <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change risks leaving future generations $530 ...</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="http://theconversation.com/inaction-on-climate-change-risks-leaving-future-generations-530-trillion-in-debt-81134" class="">http://theconversation.com/inaction-on-climate-change-risks-leaving-future-generations-530-trillion-in-debt-81134</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">Jul 18, 2017 <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">...</b> New research calculates the huge <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">cost</b> of 'negative emissions' technologies that will be required to avoid dangerous <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change.</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo8" ul-attr-acor="8" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/Climate-CostsofInaction.pdf" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Climate</b> Change -- the <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Costs of Inaction</b> - Tufts University</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/Climate-CostsofInaction.pdf" class="">http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/Climate-CostsofInaction.pdf</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">Oct 11, 2006 <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">...</b> <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Climate</b> Change – the <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Costs of Inaction</b>. Report to Friends of the Earth England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Frank Ackerman and Elizabeth ...</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo9" ul-attr-acor="9" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="http://www.oecd.org/fr/environnement/climate-change-consequences-of-inaction.htm" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Climate</b> change: Consequences of <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">inaction</b> - OCDE - OECD.org</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="http://www.oecd.org/fr/environnement/climate-change-consequences-of-inaction.htm" class="">http://www.oecd.org/fr/environnement/climate-change-consequences-of-inaction.htm</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">Implementing <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> change mitigation measures will help us avoid such huge <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">costs</b>. Mitigation measures sufficient for a 2 degree scenario would only slightly ...</span></li><li class=" algo-result algo10" ul-attr-acor="10" ul-attr-acsc="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 22px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><a class=" algo-title" href="https://skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=11" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 0, 181); line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Inaction</b> vs Action - Skeptical Science</a></div><cite class="algo-display-url" style="margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; width: 897.078px; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); font-style: normal; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; line-height: 16px; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow-wrap: normal;"><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=11" class="">https://skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=11</a></cite><span class="algo-summary" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 16px; max-height: 58px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical;">(2005) studies, we find that the total cost of <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">climate</b> action (cost plus damages) by 2100 is approximately $12 trillion, while the <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">cost of inaction</b> (just damages) is ...</span></li></ol><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">=————————————————————------===-------------------------------------------------=<br class=""><br class="">“Full of recent references and statistics, Harvesting the Biosphere adds to the growing chorus of warnings about the current trajectory of human activity on a finite planet, of which climate change is only one dimension. <br class=""><br class="">“One can quibble with some assumptions or tweak Smil’s calculations, but the bottom line will not change, only the time it may take humanity to reach a crisis point.”<br class=""><br class="">Stephen Running. “Approaching the Limits” Science 15 March 2013.<br class=""><br class="">Book review. Harvesting the Biosphere: What we have taken from Nature. by Vaclav Smil . MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2012. 315 pp. $29, £19.95. ISBN 9780262018562.<br class=""><br class="">=————————————-----------------------===—----------------------------—————————=<br class=""><br class="">“Man … is alone, abandoned on earth in the midst of his infinite responsibilities, without help, with no other aim than the one he sets himself, with no other destiny than the one he forges for himself on this earth.”<br class=""><br class="">Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)<br class=""><br class=""></div>
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