<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Nature <span data-test="article.type" class="" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); letter-spacing: 0.17px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Research Highlight</span><span class="" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); letter-spacing: 0.17px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span class="pl6 pr6" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); letter-spacing: 0.17px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-right: 6px; padding-left: 6px;">| </span><time datetime="2019-03-04" itemprop="datePublished" class="" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); letter-spacing: 0.17px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">04 March 2019</time><div class=""><div class="" style="orphans: 2; widows: 2;"><font color="#666666" class=""><span class="" style="letter-spacing: 0.17000000178813934px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br class=""></span></font></div><h3 class="mb10 extra-tight-line-height" itemprop="name headline" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.17px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00759-w" itemprop="url" data-track="click" data-track-action="view article" data-track-label="link" class="" style="background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 14px;">Heatwaves take their toll on the high seas</a></h3><div class="mb10 text13 mt4 tighten-line-height hide-overflow suppress-bottom-margin inline serif text-gray" itemprop="description" data-show-more-dest="web-sum" style="margin: 4px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.4; display: inline; overflow: hidden; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.17px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Long hot spells have affected every ocean on Earth, and are likely to grow in severity.</div></div><div class=""><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" class="" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00759-w" class="">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00759-w</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">**********************************</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica;" class="">"… the race between climate dynamics and climate policy will be a close one …."</span></div><div style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;"><br class="">Hans Joachim Schellenhuber. </div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;">“Global warming: Stop worrying and start panicking?” </div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008</div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;"><br class=""></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;"><b class="">Opening paragraph</b></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">"I</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">n their excellent Perspectives article in this issue (</span><a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14239#ref-1" id="xref-ref-1-1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 90, 150); font-family: "Open Sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; outline: 0px !important;">1</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">), Ramanathan and Feng (R&F) sound a harsh wake-up call for those concerned about anthropogenic climate change: the authors maintain that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the past have already loaded the Earth System sufficiently to bring about disastrous global warming. In other words, the ultimate goal of climate protection policy, as stipulated by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (</span><a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14239#ref-2" id="xref-ref-2-1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 90, 150); font-family: "Open Sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; outline: 0px !important;">2</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">), appears to be a delusion."</span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;"><b class="">[ open access ]</b> <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14239" class="">https://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14239</a></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica;"><br class=""></div><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">********************************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">“<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The climate scientist James Hansen has called two-degree warming “a prescription for long-term disaster.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Robert Watson, a former director of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, has argued that three-degree warming is the realistic minimum. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The prospect of a five-degree warming has prompted some of the world’s leading climate scientists to warn of the end of human civilization.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><<<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/01/magazine/climate-change-losing-earth.html" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/01/magazine/climate-change-losing-earth.html</span></a>>></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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