<div dir="auto">This article on the air-conditioning was quite timely, as I spent two uncomfortable hours Sunday evening in the air-conditioned Roxy Theater.  I'm already fanatically opposed to air conditioning practically everywhere, but i seldom mention it to management.  However I hope others will join me in a complaint to the Roxy as I feel our community theater might just listen and act for all the larger environmental reasons.  I think 78 would be a tolerable temperature, and definitely more comfortable than the 68 I felt Sunday.  </div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Sep 1, 2019, 3:36 PM Lance Olsen via Missoula-Community-News <<a href="mailto:missoula-community-news@bigskynet.org">missoula-community-news@bigskynet.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://news.google.com/articles/CBMib2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRoZWd1YXJkaWFuLmNvbS9lbnZpcm9ubWVudC8yMDE5L3NlcC8wMS9hLWNoaWxsaW5nLXRydXRoLW91ci1hZGRpY3Rpb24tdG8tYWlyLWNvbmRpdGlvbmluZy1tdXN0LWVuZNIBb2h0dHBzOi8vYW1wLnRoZWd1YXJkaWFuLmNvbS9lbnZpcm9ubWVudC8yMDE5L3NlcC8wMS9hLWNoaWxsaW5nLXRydXRoLW91ci1hZGRpY3Rpb24tdG8tYWlyLWNvbmRpdGlvbmluZy1tdXN0LWVuZA?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">A chilling truth: our addiction to air conditioning must end</a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><b>Letters:</b> </span><span style="background-color:rgb(255,251,0)">Readers respond to Stephen Buranyi's long read on how air cooling systems burn electricity and fuel global heating.</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,251,0)">The Guardian</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">4 hours ago</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><b>Opinion</b></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36);min-height:11px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span><b></b></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,238)"><span style="text-decoration:underline;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/01/a-chilling-truth-our-addiction-to-air-conditioning-must-end" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/01/a-chilling-truth-our-addiction-to-air-conditioning-must-end</a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(66,133,244);min-height:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span><a href="https://news.google.com/articles/CBMiWWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZveG5ld3MuY29tL2VudGVydGFpbm1lbnQvYW1lcmljYW4tcGllLXNpbmdlci1kb24tbWNsZWFuLXBhcmlzLWR5bGFuLXNwZW5kaW5n0gEA?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"></a></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(66,133,244);min-height:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36);min-height:16px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font size="4"><span><b></b></span><b>A sampling of reader opinions</b> </font></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36);min-height:16px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36);min-height:16px"><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br class="m_7069735951262233983Apple-interchange-newline">Kudos to Stephen Buranyi for drawing attention to the growth of air conditioning worldwide and the accompanying taste for cold in a time of global warming (<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/29/the-air-conditioning-trap-how-cold-air-is-heating-the-world" title="" class="m_7069735951262233983u-underline" style="color:rgb(224,94,0);border-bottom-width:0.0625rem;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(220,220,220);text-decoration:none!important" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Blowing cold and hot</a>, The long read, 29 August). Having lived and worked in the American south, I can attest there are even more pernicious dimensions to this addiction to cold. Restaurants and bars are kept uncomfortably chilly, thus encouraging higher levels of consumption (heat dampens the desire to eat), fuelling not only profits but the obesity crisis.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Cold has become a mark of prestige: the fancier the establishment, be it office block or shopping mall, the colder it is likely to be. Anecdotally, moving between these absurd temperature extremes several times a day seems to increase the incidence of colds. When I requested that the AC in my workplace (a public university) be set to a warmer level, the response of the facilities staff was to provide a heater for my office. Here in New York, a hotel on my street keeps a roaring fire in the lobby – in August – while the ambient indoor temperature is freezing. </span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">All this amounts to what Richard Seymour has recently called “<a href="https://www.patreon.com/posts/29360296" title="" class="m_7069735951262233983u-underline" style="color:rgb(224,94,0);border-bottom-width:0.0625rem;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(220,220,220);text-decoration:none!important" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">climate sadism</a>” – a form of masochism outwardly and ostentatiously directed, consumptive and destructive madness. May we find ways not to get caught up in its drive.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong>Emanuela Bianchi</strong><br><em>New York</em></span></p><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">===============================================================</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(32,33,36);min-height:16px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></span><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">When I was a legal adviser to the Export Credits Guarantee Department back in the 1970s I was told by an architect that he had been retained by the ruler of one of the Gulf states to build a tower office block along the lines of those now disfiguring the City of London. He asked his client where he would like the power station as the block would consume inordinate amounts of electricity for air conditioning.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">The architect pointed out to his client that it would be more sensible to keep to traditional styles of building, like the medieval souks, which are kept relatively cool by judicious circulation of air.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">It seems that the architect’s advice was not heeded. We now have extraordinary developments such as Dubai, which must be consuming energy at a prodigious rate.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong>Dr Anthony J Cooper</strong><br><em>Great Shelford</em><em>, Cambridgeshire</em></span></p><div class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link m_7069735951262233983rich-link--pillar-news m_7069735951262233983tone-news--item" style="margin:0px;overflow:hidden"><div class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link__container"><div class="m_7069735951262233983u-responsive-ratio m_7069735951262233983rich-link__image-container" style="width:220px;padding-bottom:132px;overflow:hidden">========</div><div class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link__header" style="line-height:1.4375rem;padding:0.125rem 0.3125rem 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:2.25rem"><h2 class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link__title" style="margin:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant-caps:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding:0px"><a class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link__link" style="color:inherit;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:14px" rel="noreferrer">Sign up to the Green Light email to get the planet's most important stories</a></h2></div><div class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link__read-more" style="padding-left:0.3125rem"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><div class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link__arrow" style="display:inline-block"><span class="m_7069735951262233983inline-arrow-in-circle m_7069735951262233983inline-icon"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></div> <div class="m_7069735951262233983rich-link__read-more-text" style="display:inline-block;height:1.875rem;line-height:1.625rem;padding-left:0.125rem;vertical-align:top;color:rgb(199,0,0)">Read more</div></span></div></div></div><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">================================================================================</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Stephen Buranyi says “the warmer it gets, the more we use air conditioning”. He is right for the richest of us. Others have to cope with such temperatures, or die. The 1995 Chicago heatwave led to 739 heat-related deaths over five days, of the mainly elderly poor who could not afford air conditioning and did not open windows for fear of crime.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Comfort really is a social construct. People adapt to those conditions they normally occupy, and if they become uncomfortable, they change themselves, or their environment, to return to comfort.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">In a world of rising energy prices, tanking economies, grid failures and more extreme weather events we have to think differently. Imagine a future where buildings are run for as much of the day and year as possible, on local natural energy, from sun and wind, and only when absolutely necessary are they heated and cooled. This is a revolutionary idea in societies where people fear crime and modern buildings are designed with too much glazing, and no natural ventilation and consequently overheat. For you, in your own home, my advice is to insulate your roof, shade and open your windows, and get security grilles for them. Only when this strategy fails, move rooms, locations or, in extremis, use mechanical cooling. Simples.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong>Susan Roaf</strong><br><em>(Emeritus professor </em><em>of architectural engineering, Heriot Watt University), Oxford</em></span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">============================================================</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Your article does not mention the decades of scientific experiments proving we do not need AC, if we design or add the right construction.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">The Building Research Station in Watford has an experimental, comfortable, office block with no AC. It works by having a construction of exposed “high thermal mass”, solid plaster on concrete ceilings, floors, walls. At night cool air flows through to build up a store of “coolth”, so no noise, or bad air problem in daytime with windows closed.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Usual office and modern home construction has the opposite of high thermal mass. The sun’s heat comes in and has nowhere to go but to raise the air to stifling temperatures.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">In the experimental building the windows are shaded to reduce over-heating, and the lesser heat soaks away into the heavy construction, leaving air at moderate temperature.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">The same effect is felt in solid brick or concrete homes. My own 1900 flat has been very cool all night and day with heavy construction, sucking away the heat. My son’s modern flat has been far too hot, with very high winter insulation, covered with only 1cm of plasterboard, nowhere for heat to soak away.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Regulations are going to be changed to make low winter energy buildings cooler in summer.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br><strong>Anthony Edwards</strong><br><em>Retired architect, London</em></span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">======================================</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Stephen Buranyi’s article did not cover modern developments. In summer air conditioning can easily be powered directly by the sun via solar panels. In winter solar power stored in an electric car’s batteries can extract two and a half times more heat from the outside as used to power the air conditioner, thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions from gas central heating units.</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br><strong>Donald Hawthorn</strong><br><em>Ruddington</em><em>, Nottinghamshire</em></span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><em><span class="m_7069735951262233983bullet" style="line-height:0.00625rem;color:transparent">•</span> Join the debate – email </em></strong><a href="mailto:guardian.letters@theguardian.com" title="" class="m_7069735951262233983u-underline" style="color:rgb(224,94,0);border-bottom-width:0.0625rem;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(220,220,220);text-decoration:none!important" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><strong><em>guardian.letters@theguardian.com</em></strong></a></span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;color:rgb(18,18,18);font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><em><span class="m_7069735951262233983bullet" style="line-height:0.00625rem;color:transparent">•</span> Read more Guardian letters – click here to visit </em></strong><strong style="color:rgb(224,94,0);border-bottom-width:0.0625rem;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(220,220,220)"><em><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/tone/letters" title="" class="m_7069735951262233983u-underline" style="color:rgb(224,94,0);border-bottom-width:0.0625rem;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(220,220,220);text-decoration:none!important" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">gu.com/letters</a></em></strong></span></p><div><strong style="color:rgb(224,94,0);border-bottom-width:0.0625rem;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgb(220,220,220);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></strong></div></div><div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div><div><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">================</span></div><div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><b>The heads of two major central banks have written a stark warning about the financial risks of climate change.</b></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);min-height:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>"If some companies and industries fail to adjust to this new world, </span><span>they will fail to exist,"</span><span> they wrote.</span></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">The letter was co-signed by the chair of the climate-focused Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS).</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);min-height:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span><a href="https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><b>Mr Carney and Mr Villeroy de Galhau describe "the catastrophic effects of climate change"</b></a><b> </b></span><span style="color:rgb(64,64,64)">already having an impact on the planet</span></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);min-height:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,238)"><span style="text-decoration:underline;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks</a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,238);min-height:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="text-decoration:underline"></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">##########################################</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);min-height:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(102,0,153)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-17/with-climate-losses-rising-central-banks-push-greener-finance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">With Climate Losses Rising, Central Banks Push Greener Finance ...<span></span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33)"></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>With </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate</b></span><span> Losses Rising, </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Central Banks</b></span><span> Push Greener Finance. By ... Report serves as roadmap to spur </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>change</b></span><span> by banks, regulators.</span></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84);min-height:11px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span></span><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(102,0,153)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-02/central-banks-are-thinking-greener-as-climate-change-hits-policy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Central Banks Are Thinking Greener as Climate Change Hits Policy ...<span></span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33)"></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="color:rgb(119,119,119)">Apr 2, 2019 - </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate change</b></span><span style="color:rgb(84,84,84)"> is increasingly affecting the world's </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>central banks</b></span><span style="color:rgb(84,84,84)"> and their monetary policies.</span></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Climate change challenges for central banks and financial regulators</a><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C</a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">by E Campiglio - ‎2018 - ‎<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&cites=3503031769075491609" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(26,13,171)">Cited by 20</span></a> - ‎</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&q=related:GSOniNVEnTD33M:scholar.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(26,13,171);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Related articles</span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>Title: </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate change</b></span><span> challenges for </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>central banks</b></span><span> and financial regulators. Authors: Campiglio, Emanuele; Dafermos, Yannis; Monnin, Pierre; Ryan-Collins, ...</span></span></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:5px 0px"><tbody><tr><td valign="baseline" style="width:149.6px;margin:0.5px"><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:14px"><b>DOI</b>‎:‎10.1038/s41558-018-0175-0</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div><div>================</div><div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span><b>The heads of two major central banks have written a stark warning about the financial risks of climate change.</b></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>"If some companies and industries fail to adjust to this new world, </span><span style="background-color:rgb(255,251,0)">they will fail to exist,"</span><span> they wrote.</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>The letter was co-signed by the chair of the climate-focused Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS).</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span><a href="https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><b>Mr Carney and Mr Villeroy de Galhau describe "the catastrophic effects of climate change"</b></a><b> </b></span><span style="color:rgb(64,64,64)">already having an impact on the planet</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,238)"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks</a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,238);min-height:14px"><span style="text-decoration:underline"></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><span>##########################################</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(102,0,153)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-17/with-climate-losses-rising-central-banks-push-greener-finance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">With Climate Losses Rising, Central Banks Push Greener Finance ...<span></span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>With </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate</b></span><span> Losses Rising, </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Central Banks</b></span><span> Push Greener Finance. By ... Report serves as roadmap to spur </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>change</b></span><span> by banks, regulators.</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84);min-height:11px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(102,0,153)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-02/central-banks-are-thinking-greener-as-climate-change-hits-policy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Central Banks Are Thinking Greener as Climate Change Hits Policy ...<span></span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="color:rgb(119,119,119)">Apr 2, 2019 - </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate change</b></span><span style="color:rgb(84,84,84)"> is increasingly affecting the world's </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>central banks</b></span><span style="color:rgb(84,84,84)"> and their monetary policies.</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Climate change challenges for central banks and financial regulators</a><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C</a></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">by E Campiglio - ‎2018 - ‎<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&cites=3503031769075491609" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(26,13,171)">Cited by 20</span></a> - ‎</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&q=related:GSOniNVEnTD33M:scholar.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(26,13,171)">Related articles</span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>Title: </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate change</b></span><span> challenges for </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>central banks</b></span><span> and financial regulators. Authors: Campiglio, Emanuele; Dafermos, Yannis; Monnin, Pierre; Ryan-Collins, ...</span></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:5px 0px"><tbody><tr><td valign="baseline" style="width:149.6px;margin:0.5px"><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:14px"><b>DOI</b>‎:‎10.1038/s41558-018-0175-0</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div><div>
<div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Verdana;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div>================</div><div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span><b>The heads of two major central banks have written a stark warning about the financial risks of climate change.</b></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>"If some companies and industries fail to adjust to this new world, </span><span style="background-color:rgb(255,251,0)">they will fail to exist,"</span><span> they wrote.</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>The letter was co-signed by the chair of the climate-focused Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS).</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span><a href="https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><b>Mr Carney and Mr Villeroy de Galhau describe "the catastrophic effects of climate change"</b></a><b> </b></span><span style="color:rgb(64,64,64)">already having an impact on the planet</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,238)"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2019/april/open-letter-on-climate-related-financial-risks</a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,238);min-height:14px"><span style="text-decoration:underline"></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><span>##########################################</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(64,64,64);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);min-height:14px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(102,0,153)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-17/with-climate-losses-rising-central-banks-push-greener-finance" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">With Climate Losses Rising, Central Banks Push Greener Finance ...<span></span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>With </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate</b></span><span> Losses Rising, </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Central Banks</b></span><span> Push Greener Finance. By ... Report serves as roadmap to spur </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>change</b></span><span> by banks, regulators.</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84);min-height:11px"><span></span><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(102,0,153)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-02/central-banks-are-thinking-greener-as-climate-change-hits-policy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Central Banks Are Thinking Greener as Climate Change Hits Policy ...<span></span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="color:rgb(119,119,119)">Apr 2, 2019 - </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate change</b></span><span style="color:rgb(84,84,84)"> is increasingly affecting the world's </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>central banks</b></span><span style="color:rgb(84,84,84)"> and their monetary policies.</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,102,33);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Climate change challenges for central banks and financial regulators</a><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..462C</a></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">by E Campiglio - ‎2018 - ‎<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&cites=3503031769075491609" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(26,13,171)">Cited by 20</span></a> - ‎</span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&q=related:GSOniNVEnTD33M:scholar.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span style="font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(26,13,171)">Related articles</span></a></span></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(84,84,84);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>Title: </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>Climate change</b></span><span> challenges for </span><span style="color:rgb(106,106,106)"><b>central banks</b></span><span> and financial regulators. Authors: Campiglio, Emanuele; Dafermos, Yannis; Monnin, Pierre; Ryan-Collins, ...</span></div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:5px 0px"><tbody><tr><td valign="baseline" style="width:149.6px;margin:0.5px"><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;color:rgb(119,119,119)"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:14px"><b>DOI</b>‎:‎10.1038/s41558-018-0175-0</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br></div></div></div></div>
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