<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">"</span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><b class="">In 1938</b>, engineer and amateur meteorologist </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Stewart_Callendar" title="Guy Stewart Callendar" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Stewart_Callendar&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNEqR8T3QPIcxERWoSdiYkPh7ANnCw" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Guy Stewart Callendar</a><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> compared datasets of atmospheric </span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">CO<span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: -0.4em; line-height: 1.2em;" class=""><br class="">2</span></span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> from Kew in 1898-1901, which averaged 274 parts per million by volume (</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation" title="Parts-per notation" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNHDIGkNSrN7Rp_UFpbpWgX04eRNbA" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">ppmv</a><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">)</span><sup id="m_4474598211721849988cite_ref-4" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve#cite_note-4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve%23cite_note-4&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNHR_9e7KHN9NIxDS7x7N184cK7IKg" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; background: none;" class="">[4]</a></sup><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">, and from the eastern </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNF6bFPwwFuAujobGdIl42VhKoEHmg" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">United States</a><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> in 1936-1938, which averaged 310 </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation" title="Parts-per notation" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNHDIGkNSrN7Rp_UFpbpWgX04eRNbA" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">ppmv</a><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">, and concluded that </span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">CO<span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: -0.4em; line-height: 1.2em;" class=""><br class="">2</span></span><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> concentrations were rising due to anthropogenic emissions</span><sup id="m_4474598211721849988cite_ref-5" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve#cite_note-5" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve%23cite_note-5&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNF_OWuz8db2fC6ISFf_QVR4kfWo_A" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; background: none;" class="">[5]</a></sup><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">. </span><div class=""><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">However, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Stewart_Callendar" title="Guy Stewart Callendar" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Stewart_Callendar&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNEqR8T3QPIcxERWoSdiYkPh7ANnCw" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Callendar</a><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">'s findings were not widely accepted by the scientific community due to the patchy nature of the measurements.</span><sup id="m_4474598211721849988cite_ref-Fleming_6-0" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve#cite_note-Fleming-6" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve%23cite_note-Fleming-6&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNHQcWDN4hvp0IM8sh0ESrZU7qgbHQ" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; background: none;" class="">[6]</a></sup><sup id="m_4474598211721849988cite_ref-7" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve#cite_note-7" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve%23cite_note-7&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNGnhD1g7WwKQ0PPv3_wfEVbqmHWzg" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; background: none;" class="">[7]</a>”</sup><div style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><div class=""><font color="#222222" class=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;" class=""><br class=""></span></font></div><div class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve&source=gmail&ust=1570735613798000&usg=AFQjCNHJ-lGJX8GRmh6GbpgN-KwIIg_fsQ" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr class="">Keeling_Curve</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</div></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><b class="">"In 1972</b>, pursuing his calculations of ice-cover feedbacks, Budyko declared that, at the rate we were pumping CO2 into the atmosphere, the ice covering the Arctic Ocean might melt entirely by 2050." <br class=""><br class="">"Most scientists spoke more cautiously.”<br class=""><br class="">Spencer Weart. The Discovery of Rapid Climate Change. <br class="">Physics Today, American Institute of Physics<br class=""><a href="https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1611350" class="">https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1611350</a></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""></div></div></div>
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