<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><b class="">Excerpt :</b> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Ever since the US-China trade war began, the financial world has been in constant fear of the world order crashing. China and the US have accounted for most of the growth in the global economy in the past 10 or 20 years. Their symbiotic relationship has sustained global growth.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">The US economy is based on debt-financed overconsumption, while China’s is based on debt-financed overinvestment.</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> They lean on each other for balance, like two one-legged men walking along with interlocking arms. The renminbi’s peg to the dollar is both the symbol and substance of this mutual dependence. If this relationship breaks, the world is likely to go into a prolonged adjustment to reach a new equilibrium.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">The uncertainty in the world order is occurring amid the biggest bubble ever in the global financial world.</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""> Quantitative easing by China and the US in response to the 2008 crisis led to massive</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> <a href="https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3039970/huge-public-corporate-and-household-debt-looks-new-normal-global" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">debt build-up</span></a> </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">and asset appreciation</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> along the way.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">As asset markets have become so large, relative to the real economy, their turbulence determines the economic outlook and not, as is normally the case, the other way around. This is why the Fed has <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3035643/federal-reserve-cuts-rates-third-time-amid-us-china" class=""><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class="">cut interest rates</span></a> during the trade war, even with unemployment at historic lows. </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">It views the ensuing market turbulence as a threat to the economy. The Fed has gone from the financial bubble’s hostage to its guardian.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">South China Morning Post (Hong Kong)</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3040618/federal-reserve-prolonging-trade-war-keeping-biggest-financial" class="">https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3040618/federal-reserve-prolonging-trade-war-keeping-biggest-financial</a></span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">*************************************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">Domino effect could heat up Earth by 5 degrees Celsius <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Aug 6, 2018<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">...</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Even if the Paris agreement is successfully implemented, the planet could still heat up by 5 degrees Celsius, scientists warn.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The lead authors say:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“Our study suggests that human-induced global warming of 2 degrees Celsius may trigger other Earth system processes, often called 'feedbacks,' that can drive further warming — even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">And:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“These tipping elements can potentially act like a row of dominos. Once one is pushed over, it pushes Earth toward another. It may be very difficult or impossible to stop the whole row of dominoes from tumbling over.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The above referenced PNAS article:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Steffen,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Rockström</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>et al. Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. PNAS August 2018.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">[Open access]</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/07/31/1810141115" class="">http://www.pnas.org/content/early2018/07/31/1810141115</a></span></div></div>
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