<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><header style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><div class="release_date" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-transform: uppercase; margin-top: 23px; margin-bottom: -18px;">NEWS RELEASE <time datetime="1576645200" style="box-sizing: border-box;" class="">18-DEC-2019</time></div><h1 class="page_title" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 25px 0px 0px; line-height: 1.1; color: rgb(43, 43, 43); letter-spacing: -0.34px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Fossils of the future to mostly consist of humans, domestic animals</span></h1><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 10px; font-style: italic; color: rgb(123, 123, 123);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(43, 43, 43); text-transform: uppercase;" class="">UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAG</span><span style="text-transform: uppercase; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">AS THE NUMBER AND TECHNOLOGY OF HUMANS HAS GROWN, THEIR IMPACT ON THE NATURAL WORLD NOW EQUALS OR EXCEEDS THOSE OF NATURAL PROCESSES, ACCORDING TO SCIENTISTS.</span></div><div class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/uoia-fot121819.php" class="">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/uoia-fot121819.php</a></div></header><div class="entry" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 23px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">Many researchers formally name this period of human-dominance of natural systems as the Anthropocene era, but there is a heated debate over whether this naming should take place and when the period began.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">In a co-authored paper published online in the journal <em style="box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100233" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 136, 204); text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.1s linear 0s;" class="">Anthropocene</a></em>, University of Illinois at Chicago paleontologist Roy Plotnick argues that the fossil record of mammals will provide a clear signal of the Anthropocene.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">He and Karen Koy of Missouri Western State University report that the number of humans and their animals greatly exceeds that of wild animals.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">As an example, in the state of Michigan alone, humans and their animals compose about 96% of the total mass of animals. There are as many chickens as people in the state, and the same should be true in many places in the United States and the world, they say.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">"The chance of a wild animal becoming part of the fossil record has become very small," said Plotnick, UIC professor of earth and environmental sciences and the paper's lead author. "Instead, the future mammal record will be mostly cows, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, etc., and people themselves."</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">While humans bury most of their dead in cemeteries and have for centuries, their activities have markedly changed how and where animals are buried.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">These impacts include alterations in the distribution and properties of natural sites of preservation, associated with shifts in land use and climate change; the production of novel sites for preservation, such as landfills and cemeteries; and changes in the breakdown of animal and human carcasses.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">Additionally, the use of large agricultural equipment and increased domestic animal density due to intensive animal farming likely increases the rate of and changes the kind of damage to bones, according to the paleontologists.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">"Fossil mammals occur in caves, ancient lakebeds and river channels, and are usually only teeth and isolated bones," he said. "Animals that die on farms or in mass deaths due to disease often end up as complete corpses in trenches or landfills, far from water."</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">Consequently, the fossils from the world today will be unique in the Earth's history and unmistakable to paleontologists 100,000 years from now, according to the researchers.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px 15px;" class="">"In the far future, the fossil record of today will have a huge number of complete hominid skeletons, all lined up in rows," Plotnick said.</p></div><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><b class="">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</b></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><b class="">A core question: What is “resilience”?</b></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">2018 — “Resilience is a popular narrative for conservation and provides an opportunity to communicate optimism that ecosystems can recover and rebound from disturbances.” (Emily S. Darling<span style="vertical-align: 4px;" class=""> </span><i class="">and </i>Isabelle M. Côté, Science, March 2, 2018). </p><div style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">2014 — “Emerging from a wide range of disciplines, resilience in policy-making has often been based on the ability of systems to bounce back to normality, drawing on engineering concepts. This implies the return of the functions of an individual, household, community or ecosystem to previous conditions, with as little damage and disruption as possible following shocks and stresses” (Tanner et al, Nature Climate Change, December 18, 2014). </span></div><div id="m_-1046162086629656228gmail-AppleMailSignature" style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><div class="m_-1046162086629656228gmail-ApplePlainTextBody"><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class="">1938 — Resilience<b class="">.</b><span class="m_-1046162086629656228gmail-Apple-converted-space"> </span>1- The act or power of springing back to a former position or shape. 2. The quantity of work given back by a body that is compressed to a certain limit and then allowed to recover itself, as a spring under pressure suddenly relaxed.” (Funk & Wagnall’s New Standard Dictionary of the English Language, vol.2, M-Z 1938)</div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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