<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Columbia University </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class="">DECEMBER 27, 2019</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(102, 102, 102);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/" class="">News from the Earth Institute<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">10 Climate Change Impacts That Will Affect Us All</b></span></p><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(113, 191, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(113, 191, 68);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class="">BY <a href="https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/author/renee-cho/" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(113, 191, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(113, 191, 68);" class="">RENEE CHO</span></a> </span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Times; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2019/12/27/climate-change-impacts-everyone/" class="">https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2019/12/27/climate-change-impacts-everyone/</a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">==——————————————————————————</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“As global temperatures continue to rise, climate change will affect our wallets, our health, our safety, and our lives. … And while there are ways to adapt on a personal level, some of these changes are going to become more severe and unavoidable over time.”</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">==———————————————————————-----------------------------------------------------------------------------—</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">As global greenhouse gases are projected to hit a new high for 2019, Petteri Taalas of the World Meteorological Organization recently declared, “Things are getting worse.”</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> A <a href="https://today.yougov.com/topics/science/articles-reports/2019/09/16/global-climate-change-poll" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(113, 191, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(113, 191, 68);" class="">2019 poll </span></a>found that </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">only 24 percent of U.S. respondents believed climate change would have a great deal of impact on their lives; 31 percent believed it would have a fair amount of impact.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Different regions of the country will be affected in different ways, some more than others. But there are certain impacts that will probably affect every American’s way of life. Here are 10 of them.</span></p><div class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Excerpts</b></span></div><div class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></span></div><div class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">2. More expensive home insurance</b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">In high-risk areas, premiums and deductibles may rise, coverage may be more limited, and insurance could ultimately become unaffordable or unavailable for some, especially in climate-vulnerable areas. </span></p><div class=""><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">3. Outdoor work could become unbearable</b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">People who work outdoors, such as construction workers, miners, firefighters and agricultural workers, will be most affected by increasing temperatures.</span></p><div class=""><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">4. Higher electric bills and more blackouts</b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">As temperatures rise, people will need to stay cool for health and comfort reasons. Climate Central analyzed 244 cities in the U.S. and determined that 93 percent experienced an increase in the number of days that required extra cooling to remain comfortable. As we rely more heavily on air conditioners and fans, electricity bills will get higher</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">.</span></p><div class=""><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">5. Rising taxes </b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Municipalities are recognizing the need to make their communities more resilient in the face of climate change impacts. ... Paying for mitigation and adaptation measures, however, will likely have to be funded through higher property taxes or “resilience fees.”</span></p></div><div class=""><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">7. Food will be more expensive and variety may suffer</b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">While there are several reasons for higher food prices, <a href="https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2018/07/25/climate-change-food-agriculture" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(113, 191, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(113, 191, 68);" class="">climate change </span></a>is a major factor. Extreme weather affects livestock and crops, and droughts can have impacts on the stability and price of food. </span></p><div class=""><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">9. Outdoor exercise and recreational sports will become more difficult</b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Reduced snowfall and early snowmelt in the spring will have an impact on skiing, snowmobiling and other winter sports. Less water in lakes and rivers could also affect boating and fishing during summer.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Hotter temperatures, especially in the South and Southwest, will make summer activities like running, biking, hiking and fishing less comfortable and potentially dangerous to your health.</span></p></div></div></div></div></span></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">—————————————————————————————---------------———————======</span><br class="">“A new area of study is the field that some of us are beginning to call <u class="">social traps</u>. </div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">"The term refers to situations in society that contain traps <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">formally like a fish trap</span>, where men or whole societies get themselves started in some direction or some set of relationships that later prove to be unpleasant or lethal and that they see no<b class=""> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">easy</span> </b>way to back out of or to avoid."</div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class="">John Platt. Social Traps. American Psychologist, August 1973<div class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“Our results indicate that<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""> terrestrial ecosystems are highly sensitive to temperature change</span> and suggest that, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">without major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems worldwide are at</span> risk of major transformation.”</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">Nolan et al. Past and future global transformation of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">Science 31 August 2018 </span></div></div><div class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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