<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">TIME December 12, 2019</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><b class="">Protests in the Trump Era Have Been Mostly Peaceful. Here's How the 2020 Election Could Change That</b></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(233, 6, 6);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(139, 141, 145);" class="">BY</span><span style="color: rgb(139, 141, 145); -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(139, 141, 145);" class=""> <a href="https://time.com/author/dana-r-fisher/" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(233, 6, 6); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(233, 6, 6);" class=""><b class="">DANA R. FISHER </b></span></a></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><i class="">Dana R. Fisher is a professor of sociology at the University of Maryland and the author of </i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0231187645/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=time037-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=0231187645&linkId=b67863ff37cc2bc17182f55982c3bdd0" class=""><i class="">American Resistance: From the Women’s March to the Blue Wave</i></a><i class="">.</i></span></p></div><a href="https://time.com/5748971/trump-resistance-protests/" class="">https://time.com/5748971/trump-resistance-protests/</a><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><b class="">1st 2 paragraphs</b></div><div class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></div><div class="">S<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">ince Donald Trump took office, there has been </span><a href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaaw5461" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">sustained protest against his Administration and its policies</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">. An </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/02/07/this-is-what-we-learned-by-counting-the-womens-marches/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">estimated 4 million people</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> turned out for the 2017 Women’s March (which was the largest protest in U.S. history), </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/04/13/did-you-attend-the-march-for-our-lives-heres-what-it-looked-like-nationwide/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">as many as 2 million people</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> participated in the 2018 March for Our Lives against gun violence, and there have been countless other protests </span><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/29/512250469/photos-thousands-protest-at-airports-nationwide-against-trumps-immigration-order" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">at airports</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">, outside </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/12/republican-congress-members-face-tide-of-protest-in-home-districts" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">elected officials’ offices</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> and even </span><a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/09/28/brett-kavanaugh-hearing-protesters-christine-blasey-ford/1453524002/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">inside Congressional office buildings</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">. With battle lines being drawn over impeachment, some </span><a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/10/18/20905686/resistance-protest-impeachment-rallies-trump" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">journalists have wondered</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> why there aren’t </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/opinion/trump-protests.html" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">more people protesting</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">. However,</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""> the more important question is</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">: why have protests during this period been so peaceful?</span></div><div class=""><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal;" class="">The progression of protest has two primary paths: it can work to access positions of institutional power—such as electing like-minded candidates to office—or it can use more confrontational tactics to pressure those in power to respond to the demands of the protesters (like the </span><a href="https://time.com/5741995/hong-kong-pro-democracy-protests-continue/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal;" class="">civil unrest that has escalated in Hong Kong</a><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal;" class="">). The two are not mutually exclusive, but often groups lean more in one direction than the other, changing course if their goals are not accomplished. During the 1960s, for instance, we saw Civil Rights activists shift their strategy after realizing that they did not have the necessary access to power to make change through the legal and political systems. Instead, the activists employed more disruptive tactics, including staged sit-ins and non-permitted marches. Protesters in the </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/opinion/vietnam-antiwar-movement.html" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal;" class="">anti-war movement</a><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal;" class=""> began by focusing mostly on peaceful protests and teach-ins, but as the conflict in Vietnam dragged on, they too turned to civil disobedience and confrontation. Although most of the protesting we have seen since Trump’s inauguration has been clearly aimed toward mobilizing support for institutional political goals, the tide is starting to turn. And if the Republicans maintain political control in 2020, protest in the U.S. is likely to become a lot more disruptive.</span></span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><b class="">Excerpt</b> </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">A closer look at the youth climate movement shows us where we may be heading. The youth climate movement in the U.S. first attracted attention a few days after the 2018 midterm elections when, despite the electoral victories, a small group of activists </span><a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/13/ocasio-cortez-climate-protestors-push-pelosi-962915" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">occupied Nancy Pelosi’s office</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> with newly elected Congresswoman </span><a href="https://time.com/longform/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-profile/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> (who was elected as part of the Resistance’s efforts to access power in Washington). The activists were calling for more progressive climate policies and the implementation of a Green New Deal, but their confrontational approach was hardly the norm. Since then, with the introduction of </span><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/text" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">only a resolution</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> and no actual bill, the young people who participated in this action have joined forces with those who were motivated by </span><a href="https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2019-greta-thunberg/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">Greta Thunberg</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> and her tactic of skipping school and striking for climate. Consequently, the movement has grown substantially, organizing increasingly larger strikes and marches, and based on my research, these protesters are growing more willing to be disruptive. Sixty-one percent of the organizers of the September climate strikes told me they had experience with direct action (which includes civil disobedience of all sorts) in the past year; that number jumped to 76% when I surveyed organizers of the climate strikes in December. Not only are these young people are getting more confrontational, they’re</span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/climate-change-protests-will-surround-the-world-bank-and-block-traffic-friday-morning/2019/12/05/513ae27a-16d8-11ea-8406-df3c54b3253e_story.html" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); box-shadow: rgb(233, 6, 6) 0px -2px 0px inset; padding: 1px 0px; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""> joining forces with adults who have also called for activism</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-variant-ligatures: normal; letter-spacing: 0.5px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> that breaks the law.</span></div><div class=""><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><font color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941)" face="PT Serif, Georgia, Times, serif" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.952941); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class=""><a href="https://time.com/5748971/trump-resistance-protests/" class="">https://time.com/5748971/trump-resistance-protests/</a></div><div class="">
<div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">++++++++++++++++++++++++++</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">"For decades, we called it ‘global warming,’ an innocuous-sounding phrase invoking a gentle increase in worldwide temperatures, like turning up the thermostat in a house.”<br class=""><br class=""><a href="https://www.seas.harvard.edu/content/from-sea-to-rising-sea-climate-change-in-america" class="">https://www.seas.harvard.edu/content/from-sea-to-rising-sea-climate-change-in-america</a></div></div>
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