<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(39, 39, 39); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(39, 39, 39); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">What does it take for the coronavirus (or other major economic events) to affect global carbon dioxide readings?</b></span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">by Rob MonroeMarch 11, 2020</span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);"><span class="" style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54);"><<<a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/2020/03/11/what-does-it-take-for-the-coronavirus-or-other-major-economic-events-to-affect-global-carbon-dioxide-readings/" class=""><span class="" style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); background-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);">https://scripps.ucsd.edu/programs/keelingcurve/2020/03/11/what-does-it-take-for-the-coronavirus-or-other-major-economic-events-to-affect-global-carbon-dioxide-readings/</span></a>>></span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></div><p class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30.1px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">A downturn in global fossil fuel use has been prompted by curtailments of travel and social gatherings in response to the spread of the coronavirus. Could this downturn be reflected in atmospheric carbon dioxide readings that comprise the record known as the Keeling Curve, which is managed by scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego?</span></p><p class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30.1px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Scripps Oceanography geochemist Ralph Keeling said fossil fuel use would have to decline by about 10 percent around the world and would need to be sustained for a year to show up clearly in carbon dioxide levels, which are expressed as parts per million (ppm) of air. </span></p><p class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30.1px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">No events in the 62-year history of the Keeling Curve – including the global economic downturn of 2008 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s – have caused such a drop to date. The influence of fossil fuel use is usually less perceptible in short-term variations than in long-term trends, Keeling added.</span></p><p class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30.1px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">It has been reported, however, that CO</span><span class="" style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none;">2</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> emissions from China have dropped by 25 percent since the beginning of the outbreak. That alone represents a 6-percent drop in global emissions.</span></p><p class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30.1px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Based on calculations of how many fewer tons of carbon dioxide would be added to the atmosphere if there were a sustained 10-percent decline, Keeling estimated CO</span><span class="" style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none;">2 </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">levels in the atmosphere would deviate by roughly 0.5 ppm under that scenario.</span></p><p class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30.1px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">History has shown that carbon dioxide levels typically resume their climb quickly as normal economic activity rebounds. If there is any benefit of the coronavirus event in terms of slowing the pace of climate change, it could be the changing of people’s travel and work habits in ways that lead to sustained reductions in fossil fuel use. Only those kinds of long-term systemic reductions will change the trajectory of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, Keeling said.</span></p><p class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 30.1px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(54, 54, 54); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(54, 54, 54);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i class="">– Robert Monroe</i></span></p><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">==============</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">Financial Times - March 28, 2018</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://www.ft.com/reports" class=""><b class="">Special Report</b></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">How to make a carbon pricing system work</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">Compensation for those who lose out and sanctions on non-compliance are needed</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://www.ft.com/martin-wolf" class="">MARTIN WOLF<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); font-size: 12px;" class=""><<<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/2d9490f2-1291-11e8-a765-993b2440bd73" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class="">https://www.ft.com/content/2d9490f2-1291-11e8-a765-993b2440bd73</span></a>>></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">1st 2 sentences</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">“Carbon pricing is a good idea whose time has not yet come. But it has to do so.”</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">Closing paragraph</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46);" class="">“</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Until now, therefore, carbon pricing remains a sleeping giant. Yet needed progress will not be achieved if it does not awake. The difficulties in </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">meeting agreed objectives in our fractured world are enormous. The chances are high that the effort will fail. If so, our goose will be cooked.”</span></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></span></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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