<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">New York Times March 25, 2020</div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(18, 18, 18);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><b class="">NEWS ANALYSIS</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(18, 18, 18); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(18, 18, 18); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""><i class="">A $2 Trillion Lifeline Will Help, but More May Be Needed</i></b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">The coronavirus response deal set to pass Congress is more than twice as big as the 2009 stimulus bill to ease the Great Recession, but it will soothe a shutdown economy for only a few months.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><b class="">By </b><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/jim-tankersley" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><b class="">Jim Tankersley</b></span></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><<<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/business/stimulus-impact-coronavirus.html?" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class="">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/business/stimulus-impact-coronavirus.html?</span></a>>></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 11.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><b class="">Excerpts</b></span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 11.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">WASHINGTON — If you want to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/us/politics/coronavirus-economy-shutdown.html" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(50, 104, 145); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(50, 104, 145);" class="">shut down an economy</span></a> to fight a pandemic without driving millions of people and businesses into bankruptcy, you need the government to cut some checks. The <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/us/politics/coronavirus-senate-deal.html" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(50, 104, 145); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(50, 104, 145);" class="">coronavirus response deal</span></a> that congressional leaders struck early Wednesday morning will get a lot of checks in the mail, but they’ll soothe only a few months of financial pain.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 11.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">If the outbreak and the disruptions continue through summer, lawmakers will need to spend even more.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 11.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">The economy, which has been shuttered to control the spread of the virus, does not need a jump-start to get moving again. The government is just trying to tide people and firms over until it is safe to </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/business/economy/coronavirus-economy.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(50, 104, 145); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(50, 104, 145);" class="">start back up again</span></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 11.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Viewed through that particular set of circumstances, the deal announced early Wednesday isn’t economic stimulus at all. It’s a series of survival payments. And those payments will only last a few months.</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 11.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">The extraordinary measures that mayors and governors have taken to restrict economic activity, which at their most extreme include shutting down all nonessential businesses and ordering people to shelter in the homes, are unlikely to show success in “bending the curve” of the virus for at least another week. If they prove effective, and the infection rate slows dramatically, activity could be back to normal — or at least something that reasonably resembles it — within a few months for many businesses and workers.</span></p><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">If the measures don’t prove effective, or if they are relaxed under orders from Mr. Trump or defied en masse, experts warn the crisis could stretch much longer, under the growing cloud of a recession. That’s why it’s hard to say if the congressional deal will be enough to keep families from going hungry and businesses from going under.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 11.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">“Much of the small business community is facing an extinction-level event,” said John Lettieri, the chief of the Economic Innovation Group think tank in Washington, who pushed heavily for a package of small business loans in the agreement. “Will this bill help? Absolutely. But the lending capacity needed to prevent mass closures and layoffs could be four or five times larger than what is being provided.”</span></p><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">“Congress,” Mr. Lettieri said, “needs to be prepared now for how quickly these resources are going to evaporate.”</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><i class=""></i></span><br class=""></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 9px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><<<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/business/stimulus-impact-coronavirus.html?" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class="">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/business/stimulus-impact-coronavirus.html?</span></a>>></p><div class=""><div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">*************************************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">Domino effect could heat up Earth by 5 degrees Celsius <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Aug 6, 2018 <b class="">...</b> Even if the Paris agreement is successfully implemented, the planet could still heat up by 5 degrees Celsius, scientists warn.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The lead authors say:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“Our study suggests that human-induced global warming of 2 degrees Celsius may trigger other Earth system processes, often called 'feedbacks,' that can drive further warming — even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">And:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“These tipping elements can potentially act like a row of dominos. Once one is pushed over, it pushes Earth toward another. It may be very difficult or impossible to stop the whole row of dominoes from tumbling over.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The above referenced PNAS article:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Steffen, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Rockström</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> et al. Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. PNAS August 2018. <b class="">[Open access]</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/07/31/1810141115" class="">http://www.pnas.org/content/early2018/07/31/1810141115</a></span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">*************************************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">Domino effect could heat up Earth by 5 degrees Celsius <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Aug 6, 2018<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">...</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Even if the Paris agreement is successfully implemented, the planet could still heat up by 5 degrees Celsius, scientists warn.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The lead authors say:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“Our study suggests that human-induced global warming of 2 degrees Celsius may trigger other Earth system processes, often called 'feedbacks,' that can drive further warming — even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">And:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“These tipping elements can potentially act like a row of dominos. Once one is pushed over, it pushes Earth toward another. It may be very difficult or impossible to stop the whole row of dominoes from tumbling over.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The above referenced PNAS article:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Steffen,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Rockström</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>et al. Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. PNAS August 2018.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">[Open access]</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/07/31/1810141115" class="">http://www.pnas.org/content/early2018/07/31/1810141115</a></span></div></div>
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