<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><b class="">Excerpts : </b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">As the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 surges past 2.2 million globally and deaths surpass 150,000, clinicians and pathologists are struggling to understand the damage wrought by the coronavirus as it tears through the body. They are realizing that although the lungs are ground zero, its reach can extend to many organs including the heart and blood vessels, kidneys, gut, and brain.</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“[The disease] can attack almost anything in the body with devastating consequences,” says cardiologist Harlan Krumholz of Yale University and Yale-New Haven Hospital, who is leading multiple efforts to gather clinical data on COVID-19. “Its ferocity is breathtaking and humbling.”</span></p><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Despite the more than 1000 papers now spilling into journals and onto preprint servers every week, a clear picture is elusive, as the virus acts like no microbe humanity has ever seen.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><<<a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/how-does-coronavirus-kill-clinicians-trace-ferocious-rampage-through-body-brain-toes" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); background-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class="">https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/how-does-coronavirus-kill-clinicians-trace-ferocious-rampage-through-body-brain-toes</span></a>>></span></p></div><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;">++++++++ Hot, Dry and Windy Index ++++++</div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;"><br class=""></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;">Basic fire science is still fairly simple. </div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;"><br class=""></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;">If it’s hot, and dry, and you get a spark, you’ve got fire. </div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;"><br class=""></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;">If it’s hot, and dry, <i class="">and windy</i>, and you get a spark, you’ve got a fire that spreads far, and fast</div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;"><br class=""></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;"><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(102, 0, 153);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;"><a href="http://nwfirescience.org/tools/hot-dry-windy-index-hdw" class="">The Hot-Dry-Windy Index (HDW) | Northwest Fire Science Consortium<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;"><a href="http://nwfirescience.org/tools/hot-dry-windy-index-hdw" class="">nwfirescience.org/tools/hot-dry-windy-index-hdw<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 33);"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84);"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Oct 5, 2018 - </span><b class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">A new fire-weather prediction tool based on the key atmospheric variables that affect wildland fire: temperature, moisture, and </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">wind</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">.</span></b></span></div><div class=""><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><b class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><br class=""></span></b></span></div></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;"><a href="https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/56562" class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;">The hot-dry-windy index: A new fire weather index</a></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/56562" class="">https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/56562<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 33);"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="color: rgb(119, 119, 119); -webkit-font-kerning: none;">Aug 8, </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">2018</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(119, 119, 119); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"> - </span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;">We define a new fire weather index called the </span><span class="" style="color: rgb(106, 106, 106); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Hot</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="color: rgb(106, 106, 106); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Dry</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="color: rgb(106, 106, 106); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Windy Index</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"> (HDW). HDW uses the basic science of how the atmosphere can affect a ...</span></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); min-height: 17px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(102, 0, 153);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/fire/hdw/" class="">Hot-Dry-Windy Index - Northern Research Station - USDA Forest Service<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/fire/hdw/" class="">https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/fire/hdw/<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 33);"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><font color="#777777" class="">Feb 28, </font><b class="">2019 </b><font color="#777777" class="">- </font></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;">In order to simplify the problem, we have defined a new fire weather index called the </span><span class="" style="color: rgb(106, 106, 106); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Hot</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="color: rgb(106, 106, 106); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Dry</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="color: rgb(106, 106, 106); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Windy Index</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84); -webkit-font-kerning: none;"> (HDW) that can be used to assess ...</span></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); min-height: 17px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;"><b class="">[PDF]</b></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(102, 0, 153);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2018/ja_2018_goodrick_001.pdf" class="">The Hot-Dry-Windy Index - Southern Research Station - USDA<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2018/ja_2018_goodrick_001.pdf" class="">https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2018/ja_2018_goodrick_001.pdf<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 33);"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="color: rgb(119, 119, 119); -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">AF Srock - </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b class="">2018 -</b></span><span class="" style="color: rgb(119, 119, 119); -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&cites=12763361008682718259" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);">Cited by 2</span></a> - <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS737US737&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&q=related:M9Sa1jaRILG-IM:scholar.google.com/" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);">Related articles</span></a></span></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(119, 119, 119);">Jul 19, 2018 - </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">We define a new fire weather </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">index</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> called the </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Hot</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Dry</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Windy Index</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> (HDW). ... HDW is defined and then compared with the Haines </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Index</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> (HI) for four historical fires. The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) is used to provide the meteorological data for calculating the </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">indices</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">.</span></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); min-height: 17px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(102, 0, 153);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://wildfiretoday.com/2019/02/20/comparing-the-haines-index-with-the-hot-dry-windy-index/" class="">Comparing the Haines Index with the Hot-Dry-Windy Index - Wildfire ...<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://wildfiretoday.com/2019/02/20/comparing-the-haines-index-with-the-hot-dry-windy-index/" class="">https://wildfiretoday.com/.../comparing-the-haines-index-with-the-hot-dry-windy-inde...<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 33);"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(119, 119, 119);">Feb 20, 2019 - </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">In a comment on the earlier post about the </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Hot</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Dry</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Windy Index</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> (HDW), Brian Potter, a research meteorologist with the U.S. Forest Service, ..</span></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;">.</span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(102, 0, 153);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.frames.gov/catalog/56291" class="">Development and application of a hot-dry-windy index (HDW ...<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 102, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.frames.gov/catalog/56291" class="">https://www.frames.gov/catalog/56291<span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 33);"></span></a></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(119, 119, 119);">Aug 7, 2018 - </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">In this paper, we describe and analyze a climatology of the </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Hot</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Dry</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">-</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);"><b class="">Windy Index</b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> (HDW), with the goal of providing fire-weather forecasters with ...</span></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); min-height: 17px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 12px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></span></div><div class="" style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(102, 0, 153);"></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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