<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">PNAS | March 27, 2018</span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Rapid growth of the US wildland-urban interface raises wildfire risk </b></span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Volker C. Radeloff et al</span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 14px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><<<a href="https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2018/nrs_2018_radeloff_001.pdf" class=""><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);">https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2018/nrs_2018_radeloff_001.pdf</span></a>>></span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 14px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Significance </b></span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">When houses are built close to forests or other types of natural vegetation, they pose two problems related to wildfires. </span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"><b class=""><font face="Arial" class="">First, there will be more wildfires due to human ignitions</font></b></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class=""><font face="Arial" class="">.</font></b> Second, wildfires that occur will pose a greater risk to lives and homes, they will be hard to fight, and letting natural fires burn becomes impossible. We examined the number of houses that have been built since 1990 in the United States in or near natural vegetation, in an area known as the wildland-urban interface (WUI), and found that a large number of houses have been built there. Approximately one in three houses and one in ten hectares are now in the WUI. These WUI ggrowth trends will exacerbate wildfire problems in the future.</span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 14px;"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"></span><br class=""></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class="">Abstract</b></span></div><div class="" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area where houses and wildland vegetation meet or intermingle, and where wildfire problems are most pronounced. Here we report that the WUI in the United States grew rapidly from 1990 to 2010 in terms of both number of new houses (from 30.8 to 43.4 million; 41% growth) and land area (from 581,000 to 770,000 km2 ; 33% growth), making it the fastest-growing land use type in the conterminous United States. The vast majority of new WUI areas were the result of new housing (97%), not related to an increase in wildland vegetation. Within the perimeter of recent wildfires (1990–2015), there were 286,000 houses in 2010, compared with 177,000 in 1990.</span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"><font face="Arial" class=""> <b class="">Furthermore, WUI growth often results in more wildfire ignitions, putting more lives and houses at risk.</b></font></span><span class="" style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b class=""><font face="Arial" class=""> </font></b>Wildfire problems will not abate if recent housing growth trends continue.</span></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">==============</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">Financial Times - March 28, 2018</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://www.ft.com/reports" class=""><b class="">Special Report</b></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">How to make a carbon pricing system work</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">Compensation for those who lose out and sanctions on non-compliance are needed</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://www.ft.com/martin-wolf" class="">MARTIN WOLF<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); font-size: 12px;" class=""><<<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/2d9490f2-1291-11e8-a765-993b2440bd73" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class="">https://www.ft.com/content/2d9490f2-1291-11e8-a765-993b2440bd73</span></a>>></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">1st 2 sentences</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(153, 15, 61); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(153, 15, 61); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">“Carbon pricing is a good idea whose time has not yet come. But it has to do so.”</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">Closing paragraph</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(51, 48, 46); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 48, 46);" class="">“</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Until now, therefore, carbon pricing remains a sleeping giant. Yet needed progress will not be achieved if it does not awake. The difficulties in </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">meeting agreed objectives in our fractured world are enormous. The chances are high that the effort will fail. If so, our goose will be cooked.”</span></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></span></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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