<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">PNAS first published November 7, 2019.</div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 90, 150);" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917051116" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917051116&source=gmail&ust=1590328944035000&usg=AFQjCNHb42ZGdt6QgqtFFCIFvg_jt3VgOw" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.<wbr class="">1917051116<span style="color: rgb(0, 90, 150);" class=""></span></a></div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 90, 150); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 90, 150);" class=""><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/11/06/1917051116" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/11/06/1917051116&source=gmail&ust=1590328944035000&usg=AFQjCNEdn06PW7a5kPXUVHIlxUx2_B6pmA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class=""><b class="">Lasting coastal hazards from past greenhouse gas emissions</b></a></div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">Tony E. Wong</div><div style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><p style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px 0px 22.5px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">The emission of greenhouse gases into Earth’s atmosphere is a by-product of </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""><b class=""><font face="Arial" class="">modern marvels such as</font></b> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">the production of vast amounts of energy, heating and cooling inhospitable environments to be amenable to human existence, and traveling great distances faster than our saddle-sore ancestors ever dreamed possible. However,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""> these <b class="">luxuries </b>come at a price: climate changes in the form of severe droughts, extreme precipitation and temperatures, increased frequency of flooding in coastal cities, global warming, and sea-level rise (</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">1, 2). </span></p><p style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px 0px 22.5px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">This is <b class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">the price we pay</span> <font face="Arial" class="">for</font></b> the<b class=""> luxury</b> of about 200 y of relatively unchecked greenhouse gas emissions.</span></p><div class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">===============================================================================<br class=""><div style="font-size: 14px; font-family: Verdana;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">“ 'Friends,' said he, 'the taxes are indeed very heavy, and, if those laid on by the government were the only ones we had to pay, we might more easily discharge them; but we have many others, and much more grievous to some of us. We are taxed twice as much by our idleness, three times as much by our pride, and four times as </span><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">much by our folly .... " </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class="">"Away then with your expensive follies, and you will not then have so much cause to complain of hard times, heavy taxes, and chargeable families .... " <br class=""><br class="">Benjamin Franklin, “The Way to Wealth” (1758). [The classic Franklin summary of his advice from Poor Richard's Almanac.] <br class=""><a href="http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/52-fra.html" class="">http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/52-fra.html</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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