<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">16th century</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“There was little incentive before the mid-16th century to dig deep into the soil in search of this dirty fuel as long as wood was available, and there seemed to be an abundance of that. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Biringuccio himself believed the forests of Europe could fill all conceivable future demands for fuel. </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">In <i class="">Pirotechnia </i>he wrote:</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> "Miners are more likely to exhaust the supply of ores than foresters the supply of the wood needed to smelt them. </span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Very great forests are found everywhere, which makes one think that the ages of man would never consume them...especially since Nature, so very liberal, produces new ones every day.</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">"</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> Coal is mentioned only once in long treatise and then just to dismiss it: "Besides trees, black stones. that occur in many places, have the nature of true charcoal. [but] the abundance of trees makes [it] unnecessary ... to think of that faraway fuel. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“Less than a generation later the English turned to coal under pressure from the high price of wood.”</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">John U. Nef. An Early Energy Crisis and Its Consequences. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><i class="">Scientific American</i> November 1977</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</b></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">20th century</b></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 33, 41);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #222222; background-color: #ffffff" class="">“A new area of study is the field that some of us are beginning to call social traps. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">The term refers to situations in society that contain </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">traps formally like a fish trap,</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> where men or whole societies get themselves started in some direction or some set of relationships that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">later </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">prove to be unpleasant or lethal and that they see </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">no easy way to back out of or to avoid."</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">John Platt. Social Traps. American Psychologist, August 1973</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</b></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">21st century</b></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Elizabeth Kolbert:</b> "</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> And I think the point that Bill has made, and I agree with it, is<b class=""> </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">maybe</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> we can avoid the worst possible future. But I don’t think at this point we can avoid a lot, a lot, a lot of damage.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Bill McKibben:</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">“Look, Betsy’s right. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">So we’re not playing for stopping climate change. We’re playing</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">maybe </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">for being able to slow it down to the point where it doesn’t make civilizations impossible.</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">That’s an open question. There are scientists who tell you we’re already past that point. The consensus, at least for the moment, is that we’ve got a narrow and closing window, but that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class=""><b class="">if we move with everything we have,</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> then,</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class=""> <b class="">perhaps,</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> we’ll be able to squeeze a fair amount of our legacy through it. But Betsy is right, an already very difficult century is going to become a lot harder no matter what we do. It’s at this point trying to keep it from becoming not a difficult and even miserable century but a literally impossible one.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/bill-mckibben-and-elizabeth-kolbert-on-the-un-extinction-report" class="">https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/bill-mckibben-and-elizabeth-kolbert-on-the-un-extinction-report</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEN5OJVrMX8W68TbOuXyhqpQqGQgEKhAIACoHCAow2Nb3CjDivdcCMJ_d7gU?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class="">A $7 trillion climate change warning to the stock market from its biggest shareholder<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(32, 33, 36);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">BlackRock is the world's biggest asset manager, with over $7 trillion in assets, and something big just happened in regards to its climate change influence.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMNjW9wow4r3XAg?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class="">CNBC<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(32, 33, 36);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEFDJiRn38OBAvUJyZ0OnvRkqFwgEKg4IACoGCAowis8wMLmCBjCfodQD?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class="">We Need to Tackle the Carbon Emissions of the Wealthy, New Report Says<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">European Union climate policy has to address massive inequality in carbon emissions and do more to target the emissions of wealthy citizens, argues a new ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBggKMIrPMDC5ggY?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class="">VICE<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(102, 0, 153); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.axios.com/united-nations-paris-agreement-global-warming-1c84f6cc-6714-43ef-a723-9043fbd7c051.html" class="">UN: World's wealthy must reduce carbon footprints by factor of ...<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(32, 33, 36);" class="">www.axios.com</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(95, 99, 104);" class=""> › ... › Climate change</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">The </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffffff" class="">wealthy</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> will need to </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffffff" class="">reduce</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> their </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffffff" class="">carbon</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> footprints by a </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffffff" class="">factor of 30</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> to help ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 35, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“The most penetrating criticism I’ve seen of renewable energy—such as wind, solar, hydropower, hydrogen and long-life battery technology— is that it’s being promoted at massive scale to reassure us that we can go on as before, with little if any change of lifestyle, no move beyond our comfort zones. That’s a comforting view, one that we’d all love to be true. And yet, it raises a big and uncomfortable question. Can we mine, baby, mine, to ensure no reduction of living standards, no uncomfortable change of lifestyle?” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 35, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 35, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Lance Olsen</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 35, 54); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">here, where the editor published it as I wrote it and the mistakes are all mine</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #0a2336; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><<<a href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2019/05/21/renewable-energy-the-switch-from-drill-baby-drill-to-mine-baby-mine/" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); background-color: transparent;" class="">https://www.counterpunch.org/2019/05/21/renewable-energy-the-switch-from-drill-baby-drill-to-mine-baby-mine/</span></a>>> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Going 100% renewable power means a lot of dirty mining</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Excerpt</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Payal Sampat, the mining director at Earthworks, said recycling and technological innovation could go a long way toward reducing the demand for rare metals, but cautioned that still more needs to be done. “We’re not going to tech fix our way out of this,” she said. “It’s going to require more meaningful policy changes that fundamentally </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">reduce</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> the overall </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">demand.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><<<a href="https://grist.org/article/report-going-100-renewable-power-means-a-lot-of-dirty-mining/" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class="">https://grist.org/article/report-going-100-renewable-power-means-a-lot-of-dirty-mining/</span></a>>></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><br class=""></span></div>
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