<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div>
<table width="769.0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 769.0px; background-color: #ffffff" class="">
<tbody class="">
<tr class="">
<td valign="middle" style="width: 769.0px" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">HEATED, a newsletter for people who are pissed off about the climate crisis—written by <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkMuOxSAIhp_muGzEXvQsXMxmXsN4oa05Vhu10_Ttx54mBAjkBz6srrikfMk9lUpup-q1o4x4loC1YiZHway8kwOA4HwgLXMgRkF8UXNG3LQPsuYDyX6Y4K2uPsVbwAbek1VSLfRsnNF9P5qRWvEGeLNxBAvCAjfPVn04j9GixD_MV4pIglxr3V_9z4v9NjvPs6unv0_qbNpaBbeUT0TiJaMMaJsKnL2HqYPO9iXTWXxWs78Gui2sK4cpVdvPrSVZBh1tCiW27nIDfMvtftXidkRfL4VRm4DuQavPg76wasGIuT3OKV0lTACU815MfOQPS2PvYZoYp5S0vS41VZQr3pJ_MMd9VA" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Emily Atkin</span></a>.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkcuSmzAQRb_G7EzpgQEvWEz8SPAEp5xMxuMVJaTGyBZChYQZ_PWRx6nS4-q2ulrqw5mDc9dPmemsCx5L6SYDmYbRKnAO-mCw0JdSZBHGaZJEgVcCp4s0kLase4CWSZW5foDADJWSnDnZ6UcCiRIaNBkCsqyXNMFCMEAsTiNcixr4Ai2jWIj4WZUNQoLmkMEN-qnTEKiscc7YGX2Zka0fDfi3inDseiX80fip2NiyK_R2PjbdXICWIOaV9MLOb5I7_7EZ3bruCnpG1zDtMCfv0wdR1_zSoeJtE-3vHP1c7caK7tF__168nUhx4WOxGiU7bpH3PveXzWex5rS4n4m_b7ySv-RuFMfcFZcDLabc5nqPTzKPc_3txunB8fa9OdHfpiKRrA_h5uX4-j36E6tUa3M7vI6O3s0qni_W8-XNfJgfCzVu_w6fzc4GMiOIYITxEifEtynEIae2R3V6bSozi1B7JqEdKusYv4a8a4M-U0zzTlnto-cHky_bIyn93g5auqkEzSoF4knLPZl_8SvPoKF_9LdkLsMxxihJaBoni-SJx-OkOI5JglDg64rOZ-nsieQfq53FPA" class="">Lawmakers who denied Biden’s victory also embrace a deadlier conspiracy: climate denial<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">90 of the 147 members of Congress who voted to overturn the election deny basic climate science, a HEATED investigation has found.</span></div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin: 12.0px 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px" class="">
<tbody class="">
<tr class="">
<td valign="middle" style="width: 45.0px; margin: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div>
</td>
<td valign="middle" style="width: 90.2px; margin: 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEuOhCAQhk_T7NpYiIILFrOZaxge1UoagQBOx9sPtkmlnvlT9ZVRFdeYT5liqeRySz0TyoCf4rFWzOQomBdnJQMQnDPSMgtiFMSV5ZURd-W8rPlAkg7tnVHVxXAJKOMD2STS2QoUYp7ZyJjWis2j5pMGeIEFY--t6rAOg0GJf5jPGJB4udWaymP4edDfZhu2W233idnbViaMyWNLRsanEZ64O38-VX27QJykPYUeYAZOZzZ10Jmh5P4l3ptOD9bvK-3KoUtV5t2ZuJMsvQom-hLadL2Qvu1GtLS4H8HVc8GgtEd7w9b7ZV_8ZcWA-TpvUVXCBNBzPoiJj_yma98YYJoo73vS9trYVEHeRP-d5IKR" class="">Emily Atkin<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="">
<tbody class="">
<tr class="">
<td colspan="4" valign="middle" style="width: 41.4px; padding: 0.0px 12.0px 0.0px 0.0px" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">Jan19</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">Excerpt </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">The members of Congress who spread dangerous disinformation about Joe Biden’s victory in the 2020 presidential election are the same lawmakers spreading dangerous disinformation about the climate crisis, a HEATED investigation has found.<br class="">
<br class="">
According to <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU1v3CAQhn-NOVp82GAfODRNV0mOlaJKvVh8zGK0GCzAG21_fXFWYpjR8L6a0YNRFVzKD7mnUtF5LfWxg4zwVQLUChkdBfLirRwImYQYUKssmcYJ-bJcM8CmfJA1H4D2QwdvVPUpngY6CIZWaa3hs1LXebKzoaO2dNaE4dFgbSah1XOqOqyHaEDCHfIjRUBBrrXupWM_OnppxyZTepeSC9CbtLVO2TMoW1aAWk5BC_J5f_u4v8-fP9Vf_qrJn7sxfOThN1dBXd5u6_bPfUwvfB_cryYH62vHLnvwHXslHWXO21Zh5CXFlGBCZiLoPPCe9IaVjK_TbdV7N-DN0b4culRlbuc6KMugokmhxPbqTijf7cZkaXk7oq-PBaLSAewTV31C_wa4OIiQ22fYRVVJOCFYCDZxMYonn8aTEc6pwBi1uTY1V5QrnJb_AKmXrA" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">an analysis of their public statements and votes</span></a>, 90 of the 147 Republican members of Congress who <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OhCAQhU_T7NoI_mAvWMxmrmFKqFbSCAbKMd5-yjYhvEoVj0c-LBDOKZ9mS4XEtY10bmgiHiUgEWaxF8yjd6aVctC6FVw5OXSD8GV8Z8QVfDCUdxTbPgVvgXyKl0G1uhGLAWfr99BD5zpoa-Vap9yADqa3BJQK7lTYncdo0eAf5jNFFMEsRFt5ND8P9cvrOI7qgLL4OFOKl6myaeXBnGFbvC1cqlpJli0FT3fHpjhnLOWJAS2lDOFpUwg4I-se6UkZ7AczHxXeXP5aypfU6tX2laxsUzK__rNM26Ot11lVZZ8KseUKF9kEiHxfiTydLxLfNoMYWdc9ejpHjDAFdDcjukl_qY0zRsz8A24EMrKXsta6GXrd6RsKQ2xk3ytd14JzXWJXNAteln9F5ZiV" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">voted to overturn the results of the presidential election</span></a> explicitly deny or have denied that climate change is human-caused and dangerous. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">These lawmakers’ denials of basic scientific facts range from delicate expressions of doubt to preposterous claims of conspiracy. Maryland Rep. Andy Harris, for example, has merely said he believes climate science “is <b class="">uncertain</b>,” </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">while Texas Rep. John Carter calls climate change “a chicken-little scheme” to use “government propaganda” to brainwash the “unwashed masses.” You can check out all their statements <a href="https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU1v3CAQhn-NOVp82GAfODRNV0mOlaJKvVh8zGK0GCzAG21_fXFWYpjR8L6a0YNRFVzKD7mnUtF5LfWxg4zwVQLUChkdBfLirRwImYQYUKssmcYJ-bJcM8CmfJA1H4D2QwdvVPUpngY6CIZWaa3hs1LXebKzoaO2dNaE4dFgbSah1XOqOqyHaEDCHfIjRUBBrrXupWM_OnppxyZTepeSC9CbtLVO2TMoW1aAWk5BC_J5f_u4v8-fP9Vf_qrJn7sxfOThN1dBXd5u6_bPfUwvfB_cryYH62vHLnvwHXslHWXO21Zh5CXFlGBCZiLoPPCe9IaVjK_TbdV7N-DN0b4culRlbuc6KMugokmhxPbqTijf7cZkaXk7oq-PBaLSAewTV31C_wa4OIiQ22fYRVVJOCFYCDZxMYonn8aTEc6pwBi1uTY1V5QrnJb_AKmXrA" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">here</span></a>; I highlighted what I felt were particularly wild ones in yellow. <b class="">[[bold emphasis added ]]</b></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">End of excerpt</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">———————————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">Science, 5 SEPTEMBER 2008</span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;" class="">Books</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">The Tobacco Strategy Entrenched </b></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Excerpt : </b>A tobacco industry strategy memo argues, “</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">Doubt is our product since it is the best means of competing with the ‘body of fact’ that exists in the minds of the general public. It is also the means of establishing a controversy.” (<i class="">1</i>) The aim: to sow doubt</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> in the minds of the public, judges, and even regulatory scientists (if they are susceptible) about the scientific basis for greater public health or environmental protections </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">(think global warming) </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">or tort law actions. Because of the tobacco industry’s success in obfuscating, slowing, reducing, and blocking regulatory actions, its approach has been adopted by others, has become institutionalized in presidential administrations, and has been used as talking points by some politicians.<b class=""> </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">Fostering doubt and controversy and demanding high degrees of certainty postpone legal actions, keep products in commerce longer, and perhaps delay improved protections indefinitely.</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> They can also leave the public or work force at risk.</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">As Michaels (an epidemiologist at George Washington University) explains, this clever strategy permits people to oppose public health rules without arguing the policy point and without being labeled anti–public health. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">It also uses a common science term that might resonate with some in the scientific community. Scientific articles usually note <b class="">uncertainties</b> about the research subject <b class="">and the need for further studies. </b></span></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">———————————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 11px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://www.wlrn.org/environment/2020-02-06/scientists-are-certain-theres-uncertainty-in-climate-change-that-doesnt-mean-they-doubt-its-real" class="">Scientists Are Certain There's Uncertainty In Climate ... - WLRN</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(95, 99, 104);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://www.wlrn.org/environment/2020-02-06/scientists-are-certain-theres-uncertainty-in-climate-change-that-doesnt-mean-they-doubt-its-real" class="">www.wlrn.org<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368" class=""> › environment › scientists-are-certain-th...</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #70757a; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Feb 6, 2020 — </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Among scientists, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">conveying</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">uncertainty</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> in predictions over sea rise, increasing temperatures and other impacts linked to </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">climate</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> change — without suggesting </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">doubt</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> — </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">remains a nagging challenge.</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">———————————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/climate-of-doubt-strategy-2-exaggerate-uncertainty.html" class="">Climate of Doubt Strategy #2: Exaggerate Uncertainty</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(95, 99, 104);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://skepticalscience.com/climate-of-doubt-strategy-2-exaggerate-uncertainty.html" class="">skepticalscience.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368" class=""> › climate-of-doubt-strategy-2-exagg...</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #70757a" class="">Nov 27, 2012 — </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The PBS Frontline program </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">Climate</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> of </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">Doubt</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> did a masterful job in exposing the tactics </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">climate</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> denialists have used to delay meaningful action ...</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">———————————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(41, 41, 41);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">"Furthermore, Dr. Yellen stated, 'Climate change is an existential threat … both the impact of climate change itself and policies to address it could have major impacts, creating stranded assets, generating large changes in asset prices, credit risks and so forth that could affect the financial system. These are </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">very real</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> risks.’”</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(41, 41, 41); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">JDSupra January 21, 2021 <b class="">The U.S. Financial System and Climate Risk</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(17, 85, 204);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;" class=""><a href="https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-u-s-financial-system-and-climate-3306153/" class="">https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-u-s-financial-system-and-climate-3306153/<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(41, 41, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 11px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">———————————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px;" class="">The Conserver Society. Harper Colophon Books.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><b style="font-size: 12px;" class="">Page 181 :</b><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">“if Americans were asked point blank whether they would agree to reduce their energy consumption by one-half</span>, many would probably recoil in apprehension and reject the idea. Yet energy consumption in 1960 was about half of what is now [ 1979 ]. Many of us remember 1960. Surely we had a civilized country then, with roads, electricity, entertainment, and so on. Yet we we were consuming half the energy.”</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0);" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class="">———————————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">“A new area of study is the field that some of us are beginning to call</span><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><i class=""> </i></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">social traps. The term refers to situations in society that contain traps</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""> formally like a fish trap</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">, where men or whole societies get themselves started in some direction or some set of relationships that later prove to be unpleasant or lethal and that they see no easy way to back out of or to avoid."</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px;" class="">John Platt. Social Traps. American Psychologist, August 1973</span></div></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 38, 0); color: rgb(255, 38, 0); font-size: 12px;" class="">———————————————————————————————</span></div></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); min-height: 16px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><i class="">Frontiers in Conservation Science </i> January 13, 2021</span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(76, 76, 76);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">doi: 10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419 </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Corey J. A. Bradshaw</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Paul R. Ehrlich</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Andrew Beattie</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Gerardo Ceballos</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Eileen Crist</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Joan Diamond</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> Rodolfo Dirzo</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Anne H. Ehrlich</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, John Harte</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Mary Ellen Harte</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Graham Pyke</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Peter H. Raven</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, William J. Ripple</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Frédérik Saltré</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Christine Turnbull</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, Mathis Wackernagel </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">and Daniel T. Blumstein</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">Keywords: </b>sustainability, extinction, climate change, political will, human population, consumption<b class=""> </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><b class="">Abstract</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">We report three major and confronting environmental issues that have received little attention and require urgent action. First, we review the evidence that future environmental conditions will be far more dangerous than currently believed. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">The scale of the threats to the biosphere and all its lifeforms—including humanity—is in fact so great that it is difficult to grasp for even well-informed experts.</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> Second, we ask what political or economic system, or leadership, is prepared to handle the predicted disasters, or even capable of such action. Third, this dire situation places an<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""> extraordinary responsibility on scientists </span>to speak out candidly and accurately when engaging with government, business, and the public. We especially draw attention to t<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">he lack of appreciation of the enormous challenges </span>to creating a sustainable future. The added stresses to human health, wealth, and well-being will perversely diminish our political capacity to mitigate the erosion of ecosystem services on which society depends. The science underlying these issues is strong, but awareness is weak. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">Without fully appreciating and broadcasting the scale of the problems <b class="">and</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class=""><b class="">the</b> <b class="">enormity</b> of the solution</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""><b class="">s <- plural </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #fffb00" class="">required,</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> society will fail to achieve even modest sustainability goals. </span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 14px;" class=""><br class=""></p><div class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div></div><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
</span></div>
<br class=""></body></html>