<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">So far, no politician has said much if anything about the subject matter below, despite its important role among other drivers of a still-changing climate.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">It’s easy to see why. Voters can take offensive at any mention of individual responsibility and associated personal guilt.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">It’s also hard for politicians to talk about responsibility and guilt in the fossil fuel industries, and it’s entirely crucial to cover that ground too. That said, the fact of household, individual, personal guilt can be socially unacceptable when it’s easier to point fingers at, say, Big Oil.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">This buck stops everywhere, and it’s too easy to blame corporations when the corporations would be nowhere without the people who buy the stuff they sell.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(6, 58, 126);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://146128.clicks.tstes.net/track/click?u=2589192&p=3134363132383a33303a31353a303a32383a30&s=f698db844b3ab0c8ef841dfb8cb4ad7d&m=28489" class="">Tired with Tokenism, Youth Launch ‘Stronger Campaign’ for UN Biodiversity Day<span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">By Alison Kentish</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">The Global Youth Biodiversity Network (GYBN) has put leaders and policymakers on notice that they are not willing to listen to the same conversations, suggestions and unmet promises, as the world faces a biodiversity crisis.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2021/05/tired-with-tokenism-youth-launch-stronger-campaign-for-un-biodiversity-day/?" class="">http://www.ipsnews.net/2021/05/tired-with-tokenism-youth-launch-stronger-campaign-for-un-biodiversity-day/?</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(33, 34, 36);" class=""><span style="color: #000000" class="">“</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">It was clear to me that we’re trapped in a consumer dilemma. On the one hand, if we want to save the planet, we need to stop buying so much stuff. On the other hand, every time consumer spending slows down, it’s an economic disaster.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(33, 34, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(33, 34, 36);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/202105/consuming-less-can-increase-physical-and-emotional-wellness" class="">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/animal-emotions/202105/consuming-less-can-increase-physical-and-emotional-wellness</a> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/consumer-society" class="">Consumer Society - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/consumer-society" class="">https://www.sciencedirect.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › topics › social-sciences</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">But a real </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">consumerist society</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, one in which people consciously organize their lives around the acquisition and merchandising of goods that are not needed ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-difference-between-wants-vs-needs-in-economics.html" class="">The Difference Between Wants vs. Needs in Economics ...</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #18191b; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-difference-between-wants-vs-needs-in-economics.html" class="">https://study.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › Courses › History Courses</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267" class="">Aug 18, 2020 — </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">A </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">need</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> is something that is </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">needed</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> to survive. A </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">want</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> is something that an individual desires, but would be able to live without.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerism" class="">Consumerism - Wikipedia</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerism" class="">https://en.wikipedia.org<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › wiki › Consumerism</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Advertising plays a major role in fostering a </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">consumerist society</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">, marketing goods through various platforms in nearly all aspects of human life, and pushing the ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.igrad.com/articles/wants-versus-needs" class="">Wants vs. Needs: Secret to Successfully Prioritizing Expenses</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #18191b; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.igrad.com/articles/wants-versus-needs" class="">https://www.igrad.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › articles › wants-versus-needs</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267" class="">Dec 3, 2020 — </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Anything you </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">require</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> for survival is a </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">need</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">. This should include the tools you </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">need</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> to perform your tasks and duties. So, for a college student, an …</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/consumer-society" class="">CONSUMER SOCIETY | definition in the Cambridge English ...</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/consumer-society" class="">https://dictionary.cambridge.org<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › dictionary › consum...</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class="">May 19, 2021 — </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">consumer society</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> | Business English ... a society in which people often buy new goods, and that places a high value on owning things: In a ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_motivation" class="">Hedonic motivation - Wikipedia</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #18191b; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_motivation" class="">https://en.wikipedia.org<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › wiki › Hedonic_motivation</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Because of this, the consumer is generally willing to </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">spend</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> more on luxury </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">hedonic</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> items because they can rationalize that these items are more …</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.thebalance.com/standard-of-living-3305758" class="">Standard of Living: Definition, Measure, by Country, Examples ...</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.thebalance.com/standard-of-living-3305758" class="">https://www.thebalance.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › ... › Economic Terms</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267" class="">Other Ways to Measure <b class="">Quality of Life</b> — </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">Standard of living</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> only measures the wealth of material things its citizens have, but not </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class="">quality of life</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://people.unica.it/elisabettasoro/files/2018/06/3.-Reading-comprehension.pdf" class="">What is a Consumer Society?</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #18191b; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://people.unica.it/elisabettasoro/files/2018/06/3.-Reading-comprehension.pdf" class="">https://people.unica.it<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › files › 2018/06 › 3.-Readi...</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">PDF</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Some people think that a </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">consumer society</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> provides people with better lives. People in </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">consumer societies</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> tend to live more comfortably. They eat a wider ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/consumer-society" class="">consumer society | Encyclopedia.com</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #18191b; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/consumer-society" class="">https://www.encyclopedia.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › social-sciences › consu...</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">consumer society</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> A term sometimes applied to modern Western societies, which suggests that they are increasingly organized around consumption of goods ...</span></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 38, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">PNAS November 24, 2020 117 (47) 29720-29729; first published November 2, 2020; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002314117" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 90, 150);" class="">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002314117</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 90, 150); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><b class="">Forest and woodland replacement patterns following drought-related mortality</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Enric Batllori et al</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(17, 17, 17);" class=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">Abstract</b></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22.5px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Forest vulnerability to drought is expected to increase under anthropogenic climate change, and drought-induced mortality and community dynamics following drought have major ecological and societal impacts. Here, we show that tree mortality concomitant with drought has led to short-term (mean 5 y, range 1 to 23 y after mortality) vegetation-type conversion in multiple biomes across the world (131 sites). Self-replacement of the dominant tree species was only prevalent in 21% of the examined cases and forests and woodlands shifted to nonwoody vegetation in 10% of them. The ultimate temporal persistence of such changes remains unknown but, given the key role of biological legacies in long-term ecological succession, this emerging picture of postdrought ecological trajectories highlights the potential for major ecosystem reorganization in the coming decades. Community changes were less pronounced under wetter postmortality conditions. Replacement was also influenced by management intensity, and postdrought shrub dominance was higher when pathogens acted as codrivers of tree mortality. Early change in community composition indicates that forests dominated by mesic species generally shifted toward more xeric communities, with replacing tree and shrub species exhibiting drier bioclimatic optima and distribution ranges. However, shifts toward more mesic communities also occurred and multiple pathways of forest replacement were observed for some species. Drought characteristics, species-specific environmental preferences, plant traits, and ecosystem legacies govern postdrought species turnover and subsequent ecological trajectories, with potential far-reaching implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services.</span></p><div class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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