<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.5px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(25, 21, 16);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Excerpt from news release : </b>The study was conducted by an interdisciplinary research team, led by both the University of Cambridge and Tübingen. The aim was to try to understand the role that <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/african-migration-0015465" class=""><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(149, 86, 22);" class=""><b class="">climate</b></span></a> differences play in human evolution. They based their conclusions on the study of over 300 genus Homo <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/fossil-apes-0015309" class=""><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(149, 86, 22);" class=""><b class="">fossils</b></span></a> from different locations. During their work t</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">hey calculated the body and brain size </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">from these fossils, and </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">then merged this information with climate models based on data related to regional climates over the last million years. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Through this method they</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> “pinpointed the specific climate experience by each fossil when it was a living human,” </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">explains a <a href="https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/climate-changed-the-size-of-our-bodies-and-to-some-extent-our-brains" class=""><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(149, 86, 22);" class=""><b class="">University of Cambridge </b></span></a> article announcing the study.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(25, 21, 16); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(25, 21, 16);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">They assessed the different climatic elements that would have been experienced by <a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/human-origins-science/why-are-humans-unique-it-s-small-things-count-004416" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #955616" class=""><b class="">humans</b></span></a> living in the different locations. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“Our study indicates that climate - particularly temperature - has been the main driver of changes in body size for the past million years,” </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">highlighted the leader of the study, Professor Andrea Manica from the Department of Zoology at the University of Cambridge. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Full news release</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/genus-homo-0015551" class="">https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/genus-homo-0015551</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">OPEN ACCESS pdf</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24290-7.pdf" class="">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24290-7.pdf</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.harvardneuroblog.com/blog/2016/07/26/keeping-your-head-cool" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.harvardneuroblog.com/blog/2016/07/26/keeping-your-head-cool" class="">Keeping your head cool - Harvard Neuro Blog<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.harvardneuroblog.com/blog/2016/07/26/keeping-your-head-cool" class="">https://www.harvardneuroblog.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › blog › 2016/07/26</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(93, 98, 103); background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">Jul 26, 2016 </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class="">— </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c4044; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Like most animals, our body </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">temperature</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c4044; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> is 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 ... </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">Of all organs, the brain is probably the most vulnerable to heat.</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(14, 0, 137); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full" class="">Brain temperature and its fundamental properties: a review</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full" class="">https://www.frontiersin.org<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(60, 63, 67);" class=""> › fnins.2014.00307 › full</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 49, 52);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4b4f54; background-color: #ffffff" class="">by H Wang · </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4b4f54; background-color: #ffff0f" class=""><b class="">2014 · Cited by 229</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4b4f54; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> —<b class=""> </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">Brain</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class=""> cells are exceptionally sensitive to </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">thermal</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class=""> damage.</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> In cultured neurons, spontaneous activity stopped irreversibly between 42 and 43°C ( ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(14, 0, 137); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4b4f54" class=""><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h1" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(14, 0, 137);" class="">Abstract</span></a> · <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h2" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(14, 0, 137);" class="">Introduction</span></a> · <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h3" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(14, 0, 137);" class="">Overview</span></a> · <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h6" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class="">Anatomical Consideration</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(14, 0, 137); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/97/13/7603" class="">Coupling between changes in human brain temperature and ...<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/97/13/7603" class="">https://www.pnas.org<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › content</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class="">by DA Yablonskiy ·</span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class=""> 2000 · Cited by 214</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> — </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Heat</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> in the </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">brain</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> is produced mostly by oxygen consumption. It is removed chiefly by blood flow. The balance between </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/4/448" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/4/448" class="">Brain temperature, body core temperature, and intracranial ...<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/4/448" class="">https://jnnp.bmj.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › content</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class="">by S Rossi ·</span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> 2<b class="">001 · Cited by 323 </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class="">— </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Discussion.<b class=""> Under normal conditions, the </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">temperature</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> of the </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">brain</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> is dependent on three main factors: local </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">heat</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> production, cerebral blood flow, and the </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149793/" class="">BRAIN TEMPERATURE HOMEOSTASIS: PHYSIOLOGICAL ...</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149793/" class="">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(60, 63, 67);" class=""> › articles › PMC3149793</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 63, 67); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(75, 79, 84);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">ALTERATIONS IN </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">BRAIN TEMPERATURE</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> HOMEOSTASIS DUE TO INSUFFICIENCIES OF </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">HEAT</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> DISSIPATION · by EA Kiyatkin ·</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0f" class=""><b class=""> Cited by 166 </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c4044" class="">…</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23328940.2019.1691896" class="">Full article: Brain temperature and its role in physiology and ...</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23328940.2019.1691896" class="">https://www.tandfonline.com<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(60, 63, 67);" class=""> › ... › Volume 6, Issue 4</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(75, 79, 84); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43" class=""><b class="">Brain</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> hyperthermia due to environmental </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43" class=""><b class="">heating</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">, excessive bodily </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43" class=""><b class="">heat</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> production, and insufficiency of </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43" class=""><b class="">heat</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> dissipation </b>· by EA Kiyatkin </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0f" class=""><b class="">· 2019 · Cited by 15</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> — </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3c3f43" class=""><b class="">Brain</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #2e3134" class=""> ...</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 49, 52); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/62073" class="">Sub-minute prediction of brain temperature based on sleep ...<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://elifesciences.org/articles/62073" class="">https://elifesciences.org<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › articles</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class="">by Y Sela <b class="">·</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class=""> 2021 · Cited by 2 —</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Since </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">heat</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> plays a crucial role in neuronal functioning (Kiyatkin, 2010; Alonso and Marder, 2020) and </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">brain</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> tissue is very sensitive to </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">thermal</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> ...</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class="">———————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-021-00571-x" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-021-00571-x" class="">Personalized predictions and non-invasive imaging of human ...<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16.4px; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(19, 0, 155);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #18191b; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-021-00571-x" class="">https://www.nature.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › communications physics › articles</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267; background-color: #ffffff" class="">by D Sung ·</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(93, 98, 103);" class=""> 2021 — </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">1</span></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">: </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Heat</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> transfer modes and domains used to model </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">brain temperature</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">. figure1. <b class="">Metabolically generated </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">thermal</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class=""> energy is transported between the ...</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 38, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">“A death zone is creeping over the surface of Earth, gaining a little more ground each year. </div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">As an analysis published this week in <i class="">Nature Climate Change</i> shows, since 1980, these temporary hells on Earth have opened up hundreds of times to take life (C. Mora <i class="">et al.</i> <i class="">Nature Clim. Change</i> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322" target="_blank" class=""><span style="color: rgb(92, 121, 150);" class="">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322</span></a>; 2017). </div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class="">“The analysis also reveals that even aggressive reductions in emissions will lead the number of deadly heatwaves to soar in the coming decades.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);" class=""><i class="">Nature</i> <b class="">546,</b> 452 (22 June 2017) doi:10.1038/546452a</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</div></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Book review : <b class="">Under the Sky We Make</b>. Kimberly Nicholas, PhD</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><b class="">Excerpt : </b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Individual responsibility has become something of a flashpoint in the climate discourse. </span></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">On the one hand, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">oil companies <a href="https://grist.org/energy/footprint-fantasy/" class="">love to harp on about</a> personal carbon footprints as a way of distracting from their much larger contributions to the climate crisis, both through the fossil fuel products they make and their longstanding, ongoing efforts to delay climate action and misinform the public. </span></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">At the same time</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">, prominent journalists and scientists have waved off individual climate actions as a distraction from the systemic changes that are needed to solve the crisis — changes like overhauling our electricity and transit systems through governmental investments in clean energy, better regulation, and carbon pricing. </span></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">They’re joined by</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> a growing chorus of climate justice advocates who rightly point out that asking poor people to make difficult dietary shifts or give up the car they need to get to work is completely unfair.</span></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">That’s not what Nicholas is doing. Her message isn’t aimed at folks struggling to make ends meet, but at people making a middle-class income or higher who live in a wealthy country like the United States, Germany, or France. Far from a distraction, Nicholas argues that <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">the climate impact of the carbon elite is something we need to focus on — individually </span><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">and </b><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">systematically</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">. She points out that globally, more than two-thirds of climate pollution can be </span><a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es803496a" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">attributed to household consumption</a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">, and that the richest 10 percent of the world population — those making </span><a href="https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34432/EGR20ch6.pdf?sequence=3" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class="">more than $38,000 a year</a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;" class=""> — is responsible for about half of those emissions. </span></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 56, 48); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 56, 48);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://grist.org/culture/cutting-your-carbon-footprint-matters-a-lot-if-youre-rich/" class="">https://grist.org/culture/cutting-your-carbon-footprint-matters-a-lot-if-youre-rich/</a></span></div>
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