<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">First, January 27, 2022 Wall Street Journal headline and summary — </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-economy-bounced-back-q4-gdp-11643235508?mod=hp_lead_pos2&mod=hp_lead_pos1" class=""><b class="">U.S. Economy Grew Rapidly Last Quarter</b></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The U.S. economy grew at a 6.9% annual rate in the final quarter of 2021, and growth for the year was 5.5%, the fastest in nearly four decades as the country rebounded quickly from the pandemic-induced recession.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Now this --</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; min-height: 13px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“The growth in CO2 emissions closely follows the growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corrected for improvements in energy efficiency.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">P. Friedlingstein, et al. “Update on CO2 emissions.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Nature Geoscience. Published online: 21 November 2010</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">And then, this —</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“Changes in world GDP (WGDP) have a significant effect on CO2 concentrations, so that years of above-trend WGDP are years of greater rise of CO2 concentrations.”</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Granados et al. Climate change and the world economy: short-run determinants of atmospheric CO2. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Environmental science & policy 21 (2012) 50–62" </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">———————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Now these …</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">‘Triage’ is a dirty word in some conservation circles, but like many dirty words, it describes something common. Whether they admit it or not, conservationists have long had to make decisions about what to save.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"As more and more admit it, open discussion about how the decisions are best made — by concentrating on particular species, or particular places, or absolute costs, or any other criterion — becomes possible. Whichever criteria come into play, one thing remains constant. The decisions have to be made quickly."</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Emma Marris, "What To Let Go.” NATURE November 8, 2007</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/450152a.pdf" class="">https://www.nature.com/articles/450152a.pdf</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">——————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> Extinction can be a done deal, felt only after a delay</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Extinction as a done deal has been described in the language of “extinction debt.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> When cast in this language, the “debt’ isn’t “paid off” until — after a delay, or lag time — a species or community of species is finally gone. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Many studies have already sorted through the evidence on extinction debt, tracing extinction back to actions/conditions/policies that set the done deal in motion. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 0, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169534709001918" class="">Review Extinction debt: a challenge for biodiversity conservation</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #18191b; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169534709001918" class="">https://www.sciencedirect.com<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""> › science › article › abs › pii</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5d6267" class="">by M Kuussaari · 2009 · Cited by 1175 — </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Accumulating evidence suggests that such </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">extinction debts</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> pose a significant but often unrecognized </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #4d5055" class=""><b class="">challenge for biodiversity conservation</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> across a</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">by M Kuussaari · 2009 · Cited by 1019 · </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">*********************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">PNAS </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">April 30, 2013 </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Europe’s other debt crisis caused by the long legacy of future extinctions </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/18/7342.full.pdf" class="">https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/18/7342.full.pdf</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Stefan Dullinger et al</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Keywords</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">extinction debt </span><span style="vertical-align: -3.0px; font-kerning: none" class="">| </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">socioeconomic history </span><span style="vertical-align: -3.0px; font-kerning: none" class="">| lag effect</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Abstract</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/18/7342.full.pdf" class="">https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/18/7342.full.pdf</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 54, 198); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff11" class="">Rapid economic development in the past century has translated into severe pressures on species survival </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">as a result of increasing land-use change, environmental pollution, and the spread of invasive alien species. However, though the impact of these pressures on biodiversity is substantial, it could be seriously underestimated if population declines of plants and animals lag behind contemporary environmental degradation. Here, we test for such a delay in impact by relating numbers of threatened species appearing on national red lists to historical and contemporary levels of socioeconomic pressures. Across 22 European countries, the proportions of vascular plants, bryophytes, mammals, reptiles, dragonflies, and grasshoppers facing medium-to-high extinction risks are more closely matched to indicators of socioeconomic pressures (i.e., human population density, per capita gross domestic product, and a measure of land use intensity) from the early or mid-, rather than the late, 20th century. We conclude that, irrespective of recent conservation actions, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">large- scale risks to biodiversity lag considerably behind contemporary levels of socioeconomic pressures. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff11" class=""><b class="">The negative impact of human activities on current biodiversity will not become fully realized until several decades into the future</b>.</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> </b>Mitigating extinction risks might be an even greater challenge if temporal delays mean </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff11" class=""><b class="">many threatened species might already </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0f" class=""><b class="">be destined toward extinction. </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">*********************</span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #f6000b" class="">****************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(246, 0, 11); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div>
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<td valign="top" style="width: 630px; padding: 10px 10px 5px;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://outreach.commondreams.org/Prod/link-tracker?redirectUrl=aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cuY29tbW9uZHJlYW1zLm9yZyUyRm5ld3MlMkYyMDIyJTJGMDElMkYxOCUyRnNjaWVudGlzdHMtZGVjcnktaHVtYW4taW5kaWZmZXJlbmNlLXByb2JhYmxlLXNpeHRoLW1hc3MtZXh0aW5jdGlvbg==&sig=3bg8hxTYQFS2bfWYj8EBZ4mJFf2iTqqazext9yBUpAzw&iat=1642545612&a=%7C%7C27200540%7C%7C&account=commondreams27562%2Eactivehosted%2Ecom&email=4jHZBMkiTPEsjK%2BZ6iBIQlR0TxRF2AhoFJFqZhACLiU%3D&s=5a81b6f8505b27ed1e4935719456df07&i=123A142A7A1844" class=""><b class="">Scientists Decry Human Indifference to 'Probable Sixth Mass Extinction'</b><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""><b class=""></b></span></a></span></div>
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<td valign="top" style="width: 630.0px; padding: 0.0px 10.0px 0.0px 10.0px" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(37, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(37, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">"Denying the crisis, accepting it without reacting, or even encouraging it constitutes an abrogation of humanity's common responsibility," said one scientist behind the new study.</span></div>
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</table><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(91, 92, 93); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">by Andrea Germanos</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(246, 0, 11); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">*********************</span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #f6000b" class="">****************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(246, 0, 11); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“How can scientists protect biodiversity?</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> In the wake of August’s Great Elephant Census, which revealed a precipitous decline in numbers throughout Africa, there were </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">the usual calls from researchers for more and better data. </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Only if we know where and how many of each species there are, this argument goes, can we hope to conserve them. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"This is nonsense.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“Better data will not save elephants, rhinos or any other species. An enormous number of individuals, academic institutions, local, state and national governments, and multinational and non-governmental organizations have been collecting, assimilating and organizing such data for decades, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">essentially fiddling while our biological heritage burns.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Aaron M. Ellison. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">It’s time to get real about conservation. </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Nature 13 OCTOBER 2016</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/1.20773!/menu/main/topColumns/topLeftColumn/pdf/538141a.pdf" class="">https://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/1.20773!/menu/main/topColumns/topLeftColumn/pdf/538141a.pdf</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">*********************</span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #f6000b" class="">****************</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“Michael Schlesinger, a climate scientist at the University of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign, points to another example.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“ ‘Things are happening right now with the ice sheets that were not predicted to happen until 2100,’ Schlesinger says.</span></div><p style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“ ‘My worry is that we may have passed the window of opportunity where learning is still useful.’ ”</span></div><p style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">John Bohannan, Trying to Lasso Climate Uncertainty, Science October 13, 2006</span></div>DOI: 10.1126/science.314.5797.243<div class=""><br class=""><div class=""><font color="#ff2600" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 38, 0); font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">---------------------------------------------------</span></font></div><div class=""><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">Domino effect could heat up Earth by 5 degrees Celsius <span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248" class="">https://www.dw.com/en/domino-effect-could-heat-up-earth-by-5-degrees-celsius-despite-paris-climate-deal/a-44968248<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(14, 119, 68); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Aug 6, 2018 <b class="">...</b> Even if the Paris agreement is successfully implemented, the planet could still heat up by 5 degrees Celsius, scientists warn.</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The lead authors say:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“Our study suggests that human-induced global warming of 2 degrees Celsius may trigger other Earth system processes, often called 'feedbacks,' that can drive further warming — even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">And:</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">“These tipping elements can potentially act like a row of dominos. Once one is pushed over, it pushes Earth toward another. It may be very difficult or impossible to stop the whole row of dominoes from tumbling over.” </span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">The above referenced PNAS article:</span></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Steffen, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(62, 62, 62);" class="">Rockström</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> et al. Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. PNAS August 2018. <b class="">[Open access]</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 105, 217);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/07/31/1810141115" class="">https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/33/8252.full.pdf</a></span></div></div></div></div>
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