<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85);" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/articles/CBMiY2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm5hc2EuZ292L2ZlYXR1cmUvanBsL3RoYXdpbmctcGVybWFmcm9zdC1jb3VsZC1sZWFjaC1taWNyb2Jlcy1jaGVtaWNhbHMtaW50by1lbnZpcm9ubWVudNIBAA?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class=""><b class="">Thawing Permafrost Could Leach Microbes, Chemicals Into Environment</b></a></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">NASA News Release</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Excerpts</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Trapped within Earth’s permafrost – ground that remains frozen for a minimum of two years – are </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">untold quantities of greenhouse gases, microbes, and chemicals, including the now-banned pesticide DDT. </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">As the planet warms, permafrost is thawing at an increasing rate, and scientists face a host of uncertainties when trying to determine the potential effects of the thaw.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“Current models predict that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">we’ll see a pulse of carbon released from the permafrost to the atmosphere <b class="">within</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> the next hundred years, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">potentially sooner,”</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> said Kimberley Miner, a climate researcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California and lead author of the paper. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">T</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">he worst-case scenario </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">is if all the carbon dioxide and methane were released within a very short time, like a couple of years. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Another scenario </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">involves the gradual release of carbon. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">With more information, scientists hope to better understand the likelihood of either scenario.</span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">————————————————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">-------------------------------------------------------------</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEGMiOXMHVTvmKCtIzmGwnE8qGQgEKhAIACoHCAowjsP7CjCSpPQCMKCK0wU?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class=""><b class="">Global carbon dioxide emissions reach highest level in history</b><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""><b class=""></b></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMI7D-wowkqT0Ag?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class="">USA TODAY<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">16 hours ago</span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">————————————————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">-------------------------------------------------------------</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(2, 2, 2); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Front. Conserv. Sci., 10 March 2022</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(201, 46, 57);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.738820" class="">https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.738820<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #c92e39" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(47, 46, 49); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(2, 2, 2); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Higher Maximum Temperature Increases the Frequency of Water Drinking in Mountain Gorillas (<i class="">Gorilla beringei beringei</i>)</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(2, 2, 2); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(2, 2, 2);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/1398365" class="">Edward Wright</a>, <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/1426929" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #020202" class="">Winnie Eckardt</span></a>, Johannes Refisch, <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/1597891" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #020202" class="">Robert Bitariho</span></a>, <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/people/u/1503824" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #020202" class="">Cyril C. Grueter</span></a>, Jessica Ganas-Swaray, Tara S. Stoinski and Martha M. Robbins</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(2, 2, 2); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(47, 46, 49); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(47, 46, 49); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Abstract</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(47, 46, 49); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Water plays a vital role in many aspects of sustaining life, including thermoregulation. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Given that increasing temperatures and more extreme weather events due to climate change are predicted to influence water availability</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, understanding how species obtain and use water is critical. This is especially true for endangered species in small isolated populations which are vulnerable to drought and the risk of extinction. We examined the relationship between the frequency of water drinking and maximum temperature and rainfall in 21 groups of wild gorillas from the two mountain gorilla populations (Bwindi and Virunga), between 2010 and 2020.</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> In both populations, we found that the frequency of water drinking significantly increased at higher maximum temperatures than cooler ones,</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> but we found no consistent relationship between water drinking and rainfall. We also found that Virunga gorillas relied more on foods with higher water content than Bwindi gorillas, which in part likely explains why they drink water much less frequently. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">These findings highlight that even in rainforest mammals that gain most of their water requirements from food, access to free-standing water may be important because it likely facilitates evaporative cooling in response to thermoregulatory stress. </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">These results have important implications for conservation and behavior of mountain gorillas in the face of continued increases in temperature and frequency of extreme weather events associated with climate change.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(47, 46, 49); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">————————————————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">-------------------------------------------------------------</b></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(47, 46, 49); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"Precipitation is just the supply side," said study coauthor Jason Smerdon, a Lamont-Doherty paleoclimatologist. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">"Temperature is on the demand side, the part that dries things out."</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"If we don't see it coming in stronger in, say, the next 10 years, we might have to wonder whether we are right," said (study lead author Kate) Marvel. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">"But all the models are projecting that </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">you should see unprecedented drying soon, in a lot of places."</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 233); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #262626" class=""><<<a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/eiac-ssf042919.php" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 233);" class="">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/eiac-ssf042919.php</span></a>>></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">————————————————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">-------------------------------------------------------------</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">HOTTER HEAT IS A DONE DEAL, FELT ONLY AFTER A DELAY</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Maximum warming occurs about one decade after a carbon dioxide emission</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Katharine L Ricke and Ken Caldeira</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Environmental Research Letters </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #161616" class="">Published 2 December 2014</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124002/pdf" class="">https://iopscience.iop.org/article/</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">50,622</b> <b class="">Total downloads</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124002/pdf" class="">10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124002/pdf</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 54, 198); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Abstract</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(22, 22, 22);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">It is known that carbon dioxide emissions cause the Earth to warm, but no previous study has focused on examining how long it takes to reach maximum warming following a particular CO2 emission. </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Using conjoined results of carbon-cycle and physical-climate model intercomparison projects (Taylor <i class="">et al</i> 2012, Joos <i class="">et al</i> 2013), </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff11" class="">we find the <b class="">median time</b> between an emission and maximum warming is <b class="">10.1 years, with a 90% probability range of 6.6–30.7 years. </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">We evaluate uncertainties in timing and amount of warming, partitioning them into three contributing factors: carbon cycle, climate sensitivity and ocean thermal inertia. If uncertainty in any one factor is reduced to zero without reducing uncertainty in the other factors, the majority of overall uncertainty remains. Thus, narrowing uncertainty in century-scale warming depends on narrowing uncertainty in all contributing factors. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Our results indicate that benefit from avoided climate damage from avoided CO2 emissions will be manifested <b class="">within the lifetimes of people who acted </b>to avoid that emission. While such avoidance could be expected to benefit future generations, there is<b class=""> potential for emissions avoidance to provide substantial benefit to current generations.</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">————————————————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">-------------------------------------------------------------</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class="">10-Mar-2022</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class=""><b class="">Heat stress for cattle may cost billions by century’s end</b></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(125, 125, 125);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class="">CORNELL UNIVERSITY<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #7d7d7d" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(125, 125, 125); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class="">PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class="">Climate change poses a potentially devastating economic threat to low-income cattle farmers in poor countries due to increasing heat stress on the animals. Globally, by the end of this century those producers may face financial loss between $15 and $40 billion <span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3f3f3f; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">annually.</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class="">https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/946070" class=""><i class="">The Lancet Planetary Health</i><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #757575" class=""><i class=""></i></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">OPEN ACCESS pdf</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2542-5196(22)00002-X" class="">https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2542-5196%2822%2900002-X</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">————————————————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">-------------------------------------------------------------</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEElJ299IZOpmAekawMEos_MqFggEKg4IACoGCAowl6p7MN-zCTDlkko?uo=CAUiamh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRoZWd1YXJkaWFuLmNvbS9lbnZpcm9ubWVudC8yMDIyL21hci8wOS91a3JhaW5lLWNsaW1hdGUtc2NpZW50aXN0LXJ1c3NpYS1pbnZhc2lvbi1mb3NzaWwtZnVlbHPSAQA&hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class=""><b class="">'This is a fossil fuel war': Ukraine's top climate scientist speaks out</b></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBggKMJeqezDfswk?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen" class="">The Guardian</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">————————————————————————————</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">-------------------------------------------------------------</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“Booms have consequences.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">James Grant. <i class="">Money of the Mind : Borrowing and Lending in America from the Civil War to Michael Milken.</i> Farrar Straus Giroux. 1992.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">——————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #21ff06" class="">“The growth in CO2 emissions closely follows the growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> corrected for improvements in energy efficiency.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">P. Friedlingstein, et al. “Update on CO2 emissions.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><i class="">Nature Geoscience. </i>Published online: 21 November 2010</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">In a July, 2001 editorial, The Economist said that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“It is no coincidence that the deepest and most protracted recessions in recent decades have taken hold in countries that experienced booms …” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">——————————————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">“Changes in world GDP (WGDP) have a significant effect on CO2 concentrations, so that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #21ff06" class="">years of above-trend WGDP are years of greater rise of CO2 concentrations.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Granados et al. Climate change and the world economy: short-run determinants of atmospheric CO2. <i class="">Environmental science & policy</i> 21 (2012) 50–62</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(19, 19, 21); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div>
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