<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"Thus, while acknowledging the resilience of many forests, we highlight here the nature and consequences of changing environmental conditions that increasingly threaten widespread regions of temperate forest. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">In particular, we describe the rise of an especially potent threat to forest health</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> … that is, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">persistent and recurring <b class="">drought combined with high temperatures”</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"f we can identify in advance the most vulnerable forests, in some cases management intervention</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> might be able to ease the transition</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> to new and better-adapted forest states, minimizing losses of ecosystem services. Because the scope of the challenge is vast,<b class=""> </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">triage exercises will almost certainly be necessary</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> </b>to identify the highest-priority forests and those where management action might have the greatest effect.”</span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #1d1d1d; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Constance I. Millar and Nathan L. Stephenson.</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance. SCIENCE 21 AUGUST 2015 </span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Using over a century of ground-based observations over the contiguous United States, we show that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">the frequency of compound <b class="">dry and hot extremes </b>has increased substantially in the past decades, with an alarming increase in very rare dry-hot extremes</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">A century of observations reveals increasing likelihood of continental-scale compound dry-hot extremes </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Mohammad Reza Alizadeh, Jan Adamowski, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Amir AghaKouchak, Philip Dennison, Mojtaba Sadegh</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Times; min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(37, 52, 75);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Michael Mann:</b> “A new normal makes it sound like we have arrived in a new position, and that's where we're going to be. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">But if we continue to burn fossil fuels ... we are going to ... get worse and <b class="">worse droughts, and heat waves</b>, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">and super storms, and floods, and wildfires.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/climate-change-is-making-wildfires-more-extreme-heres-how" class="">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/climate-change-is-making-wildfires-more-extreme-heres-how</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century<b class="">. </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Gerald A. Meehl and Claudia Tebaldi. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><i class="">Science</i>, 13 AUGUST 2004</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class="">“Here we established a geo-referenced global database documenting <span style="background-color: #ffff0a" class="">climate-induced mortality events spanning all tree-supporting biomes and continents</span>, from 154 peer-reviewed studies since 1970. Our analysis quantifies a global “hotter-drought fingerprint” from these tree-<span style="background-color: #ffffff" class="">mortality sites—effectively a hotter and drier climate signal for tree mortality—across 675 locations encompassing 1,303 plots.</span><span style="background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> Frequency of these observed mortality-year climate conditions strongly increases nonlinearly under projected warming.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div>
<ul style="list-style-type: none" class="">
<li style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 82, 135);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; color: #535353" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/ncomms" class="">nature communications</a></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #000000" class=""> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#article-info" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(10, 82, 135);" class="">Published: 05 April 2022</span></a></span></li>
</ul><p style="margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth’s forests</b></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: none" class="">
<li style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 82, 135);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-William_M_-Hammond" class="">William M. Hammond</a></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #1a1a1a" class="">, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-A__Park-Williams" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(10, 82, 135);" class="">A. Park Williams</span></a>,et al</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></li>
</ul><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">If there’s one thing Ebi wants to avoid, it’s thinking of this catastrophic heat wave as the “new normal,” which she calls “really misleading” as it actually underestimates the gravity of the situation. “It implies we’re going from one state to another state. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">We’re in a period when there’s going to be ongoing change for decades.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“The new normal is not the current temperature. The new normal is the constant change.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/07/western-canada-burns-and-deaths-mount-after-worlds-most-extreme-heat-wave-in-modern-history/" class="">https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/07/western-canada-burns-and-deaths-mount-after-worlds-most-extreme-heat-wave-in-modern-history/<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“The changes experienced by the biosphere over the past century ... have raised concerns about the possibility of rapid shifts from green to desert states.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Richard Sole. Scaling laws in the drier. Nature 13 September 2007</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Droughts of the twenty-first century are characterized by hotter temperatures</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, longer duration, and greater spatial extent, and are increasingly exacerbated by human demands for water. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">This situation increases the vulnerability of ecosystems to drought, including a rise in drought-driven tree mortality globally (Allen et al. 2015) and anticipated ecosystem transformations from one state to another—for example, forest to a shrubland.</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Causaby et al. Defining Ecological Drought for the Twenty-First Century. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. December 2017</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 233); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(20, 18, 19); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“Our results indicate that</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> terrestrial ecosystems are highly sensitive to temperature change </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">and suggest that, without major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems worldwide are </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">at risk of major transformation.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(20, 18, 19); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(20, 18, 19); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Nolan et al. Past and future global transformation of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(20, 18, 19); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Science 31 August 2018 </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“We contend that traditional approaches to forest conservation and management will be inadequate ... in the 21st century. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">New approaches ... acknowledge that change is inevitable and sometimes irreversible, and that maintenance of ecosystem services depends in part on novel ecosystems, i.e., species combinations with no analog in the past.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Forest Ecology and Management 360 (2016) 80–96 </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Review and synthesis </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">Achievable</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> future conditions as a framework for guiding forest conservation and management </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">S.W. Golladay, K.L. Martin, J.M. Vose, D.N. Wear, A.P. Covich , R.J. Hobbs, K.D. Klepzig, G.E. Likens, R.J. Naiman, A.W. Shearer </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">" ‘Triage’ is a dirty word in some conservation circles, but like many dirty words, it describes something common. Whether they admit it or not, conservationists have long had to make decisions about what to save.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"As more and more admit it, open discussion about how the decisions are best made — by concentrating on particular species, or particular places, or absolute costs, or any other criterion — becomes possible. Whichever criteria come into play, one thing remains constant. The decisions have to be made quickly."</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Emma Marris, "What To Let Go.” NATURE November 8, 2007</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/450152a.pdf" class="">https://www.nature.com/articles/450152a.pdf</a></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(251, 2, 7); color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(251, 2, 7); color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">"An ecologist must either </span>harden his shell and make believe that the consequences of science are none of his business, or he must be the doctor who sees the marks of death in a community that believes itself well </div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">and does not want to be told otherwise.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 18px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Aldo Leopold</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">A Sand County Almanac</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(251, 2, 7); color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class="">``````````````````````````````</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">"But the scale of climate change engulfs even the most fortunate. There is now no weather we haven’t touched, no wilderness immune from our encroaching pressure. The world we once knew is never coming back.</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">"I have no hope that these changes can be reversed. We are inevitably <a href="https://onbeing.org/blog/kate-marvel-we-should-never-have-called-it-earth" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="">sending our children</span></a> to live on an unfamiliar planet. But the opposite of hope is not despair. It is grief.”</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">"We are all fated to live lives shot through with sadness, and are not worth less for it. Courage is the resolve to do well without the assurance of a happy ending." </span></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">"We need courage, not hope."</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 23px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(85, 85, 85);" class="">Kate Marvel, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">physicist, climate scientist, NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University’s Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class=""><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(119, 119, 119);" class=""><<<a href="https://onbeing.org/blog/kate-marvel-we-need-courage-not-hope-to-face-climate-change/" class=""><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); background-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 238);" class="">https://onbeing.org/blog/kate-marvel-we-need-courage-not-hope-to-face-climate-change/</span></a>>></span></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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