<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class="">28-Jun-2022<span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class=""><b class="">Limiting global warming to 1.5°C would reduce risks to humans</b> <b class="">by up to 85%</b></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class="">New research led by the University of East Anglia (UEA) quantifies the benefits of limiting global warming to 1.5°C.<span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span></a></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class="">JOURNAL<span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class=""><i class="">Climatic Change</i></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245" class="">https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957245</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“A death zone is creeping over the surface of Earth, gaining a little more ground each year.</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“As an analysis published this week in <i class="">Nature Climate Change</i> shows, since 1980, these temporary hells on Earth have opened up hundreds of times to take life (C. Mora <i class="">et al.</i> <i class="">Nature Clim. Change</i> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(74, 101, 132);" class="">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322</span></a>; 2017).” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><i class="">Nature</i> <b class="">546,</b> 452 (22 June 2017) doi:10.1038/546452a</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">==========================</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 82, 135);" class=""><span style="color: #000000" class="">Nature Climate Change </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #5c5c5c" class=""> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01369-7#article-info" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(10, 82, 135); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Published: 09 May 2022</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01369-7" class="">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01369-7<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(10, 82, 135); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Editorial</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(92, 92, 92); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Action on demand</b></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div>
<ul style="list-style-type: none" class="">
<li style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Excerpt </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #1a1a1a" class=""><br class="">
</span></li>
</ul><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">The recent IPCC report highlights the importance of demand-side solutions </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">in mitigation strategies. Understanding the motivation and capacity of these solutions is essential, and could help to promote collective and practical actions for this critical decade.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Previous mitigation policies have focused on the supply-side,</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> such as energy system transitions or land-use changes. </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The AR6 WG III report, <b class="">for the first time,</b> includes an independent and full chapter on ‘Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation’, which <b class="">puts individual needs</b> centre stage of the analysis.</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> With contributions from scholars across the different social-science disciplines, the report shows demand-side solutions, including social-cultural transitions and lifestyle changes, that </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">could have great potential for emissions reductions in almost every sector. It also summarizes the factors of motivations of individuals to adopt low-carbon behaviours and what actions need to be improved.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">With contributions from scholars across the different social-science disciplines, the report shows demand-side solutions, including social-cultural transitions and lifestyle changes, that could have great potential for emissions reductions in almost every sector. It also summarizes the factors of </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">motivations of individuals </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">to adopt low-carbon behaviours and what actions need to be improved. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Beyond reducing carbon emissions in different sectors, the demand-side options could also bring large interacting benefits and enhance human well-being.</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> In their <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01219-y" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(10, 82, 135);" class="">Article</span></a>, Creutzig and colleagues conducted a systematic literature review and used expert judgments to demonstrate that most demand-side solutions, such as consumption pattern shifts, active and shared mobility, and dietary changes, have positive impacts on human well-being. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">The most notable improvements can be observed in health, air quality and energy access, which are often framed as co-benefits. These actions could also improve the social aspects of well-being, such as security and stability.</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">======================================</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #000000" class="">Nature Energy <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#article-info" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class="">Published: 27 June 2022</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(13, 63, 116); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Energy demand reduction options for meeting national zero-emission targets in the United Kingdom</b></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: none" class="">
<li style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class=""><span style="color: #103cc0; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-John-Barrett" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">John Barrett</span></a></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff" class="">, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Steve-Pye" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Steve Pye</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Sam-Betts_Davies" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Sam Betts-Davies</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Oliver-Broad" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Oliver Broad</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-James-Price" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">James Price</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Nick-Eyre" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Nick Eyre</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Jillian-Anable" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Jillian Anable</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Christian-Brand" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Christian Brand</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-George-Bennett" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">George Bennett</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Rachel-Carr_Whitworth" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Rachel Carr-Whitworth</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Alice-Garvey" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Alice Garvey</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Jannik-Giesekam" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Jannik Giesekam</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Greg-Marsden" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Greg Marsden</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Jonathan-Norman" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Jonathan Norman</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Tadj-Oreszczyn" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Tadj Oreszczyn</span></a>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Paul-Ruyssevelt" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Paul Ruyssevelt</span></a> & <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#auth-Kate-Scott" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">Kate Scott</span></a> </span></li>
</ul><p style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(13, 63, 116); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #1a1a1a; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">OPEN ACCESS pdf</b><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y/metrics" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class=""><br class="">
</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class="">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #1a1a1a" class=""><br class="">
</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Abstract</b></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">In recent years, global studies have attempted to understand the contribution that energy demand reduction could make to climate mitigation efforts. Here we develop a bottom-up, whole-system framework that comprehensively estimates the potential for energy demand reduction at a country level. Replicable for other countries, our framework is applied to the case of the United Kingdom where we find that </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">reductions in energy demand of 52% by 2050 compared with 2020 levels are possible without compromising on citizens’ quality of life. This translates to annual energy demands of 40</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">GJ per person, compared with the </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 116</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">GJ and the</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> global average of 55</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">GJ. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Our findings show that energy demand reduction can reduce reliance on high-risk carbon dioxide removal technologies, has moderate investment requirements </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">and allows space for ratcheting up climate ambition.</b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> We conclude that national climate </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">policy should increasingly develop and integrate energy demand reduction measures.</b></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Main</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">1st paragraph</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 28px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(20, 20, 20); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Since the Paris Agreement was signed, global assessments have shown the important role that reducing final energy demand can play in meeting international climate targets by easing pressure on the decarbonization of energy supply and reducing the need for carbon dioxide removal (CDR)<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#ref-CR1" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">1</span></a>,<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#ref-CR2" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">2</span></a>,<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#ref-CR3" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">3</span></a>. Yet, global final energy demand continues to grow; since 2000, it has increased at an average annual rate of 1.9% (ref. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#ref-CR4" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">4</span></a>). This growth continues to be met, in part, by fossil fuels. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">New low carbon energy, particularly <b class="">renewable generation, is not keeping pace with increasing demand</b><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#ref-CR5" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">5</span></a>,<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#ref-CR6" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">6</span></a>. While the carbon intensity of the global energy system is falling, at its current rate, it would take 150 years to fully decarbonize<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y#ref-CR7" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(13, 63, 116);" class="">7</span></a>. This highlights the <b class="">importance of actions that reduce energy demand</b> for meeting stringent targets.</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">=============================</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1748-9326" class="">Environmental Research Letters</a></span><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; color: #0e4491" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #1d1d1d" class="">31 May 2019 </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Even for the environment, context matters! States, households, and residential energy consumption</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Lazarus Adua3,1 and Brett Clark2</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1abf/pdf" class="">Article PDF</a></span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #1d1d1d; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">3087</b> Total downloads</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Abstract</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">This study adopts a multi-level approach to examine the extent to which state- and household-level factors shape residential energy consumption in the United States, focusing on efficiency improvement and affluence. Analyzing the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, state-level energy efficiency data from the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), and other sources, we find that state context significantly influences energy consumption at the household level. Households in states scoring high on energy efficiency consume significantly less residential energy than those in states scoring low on the measure. At the household level, the analysis reveals mixed relationships between investment in energy efficiency technologies and residential energy consumption, as some measures of efficiency technology are negatively related to residential energy consumption, others are positively related to it. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">In regard to affluence, state-level measures do not emerge as significant predictors of residential energy consumption. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0f" class="">At the household level, however, affluence drives residential energy consumption, which, in turn, is a significant driver of carbon dioxide emissions.</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> Our study makes an important contribution to the social scientific literature on energy consumption, illuminating distinct relationships at different levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that simultaneously examines the impacts of factors measured at both the household (micro) and state (meso) levels.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">========================================</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Book review : <b class="">Under the Sky We Make</b>. Kimberly Nicholas, PhD</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Excerpt : </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Individual responsibility has become something of a flashpoint in the climate discourse. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">On the one hand, </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">oil companies <a href="https://grist.org/energy/footprint-fantasy/" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class="">love to harp on about</span></a> personal carbon footprints as a way of distracting from their much larger contributions to the climate crisis, both through the fossil fuel products they make and their longstanding, ongoing efforts to delay climate action and misinform the public. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">At the same time</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">, prominent journalists and scientists have waved off individual climate actions as a distraction from the systemic changes that are needed to solve the crisis — changes like overhauling our electricity and transit systems through governmental investments in clean energy, better regulation, and carbon pricing. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">They’re joined by</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> a growing chorus of climate justice advocates who rightly point out that asking poor people to make difficult dietary shifts or give up the car they need to get to work is completely unfair.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #21ff06" class="">That’s not what Nicholas is doing. </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Her message isn’t aimed at folks struggling to make ends meet, but at people making a middle-class income or higher who live in a wealthy country like the United States, Germany, or France. Far from a distraction, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Nicholas argues that the climate impact of the carbon elite is something we need to focus on — individually </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">and </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">systematically</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">. She points out that globally, more than two-thirds of climate pollution can be <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es803496a" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class="">attributed to household consumption</span></a>, and </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">that the richest 10 percent of the world population </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">— those making <a href="https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34432/EGR20ch6.pdf?sequence=3" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class="">more than $38,000 a year</span></a> —</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> is responsible for about half of those emissions. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(46, 43, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://grist.org/culture/cutting-your-carbon-footprint-matters-a-lot-if-youre-rich/" class="">https://grist.org/culture/cutting-your-carbon-footprint-matters-a-lot-if-youre-rich/</a></span></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">************************************************************************<br class="">“Undoing the Clean Power Plan could be just the beginning … Also in the crosshairs are many other environmental statutes passed in the 1970s, <br class="">such as the National Environmental Policy Act, the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the Safe Drinking Water Act.”<br class=""><br class="">“Preservation of these statutes must not get lost in the potential clamor over the Clean Power Plan. They are the foundation of environmental policy <br class="">and were the response to dangerous environmental degradation. With hostility toward these regulations at the federal level, vigilant focus on these <br class="">laws is required at the state and local level as well as by the broader public.”<br class=""><br class="">Rood, R. B. (2016), Take the long view on environmental issues in the age of Trump<br class=""><br class=""></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Eos,Published on 01 December 2016. </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><<<a href="https://eos.org/opinions/take-the-long-view-on-environmental-issues-in-the-age-of-trump" class="">https://eos.org/opinions/take-the-long-view-on-environmental-issues-in-the-age-of-trump</a>>><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div>
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