<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251);" class=""><br class=""></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The bill’s climate spending emphasizes technological fix, devoted to building, selling and buying the likes of batteries, heat pumps and solar panels. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">It lacks equal emphasis on reducing eventual consumer demand for energy, period. The bill suggests energy supply as before, whether gained from drill, baby, drill or gained from mine, baby, mine followed by manufacture, baby, manufacture. It assures the comfortable that the comfortable lifestyle can go on as before, without need of individual/household “sacrifice.” </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">However, in a first, IPCC has finally granted attention and ink to the importance of demand.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The spending bill, in contrast, is primarily a supply-side budget asking little of the ones who demand the most</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">That said, I’m glad to see it. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">It can’t and won’t stop climate danger/risk. Too much of that is built in, irreversibly, unavoidably, plausibly for decades ahead. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">But the bill’s climate spending can and to some extent will actually relieve some of the dangers we would have faced without it. And it adds clarity to what we’ll have to do next, now, with this (important ) step taken. We needed both the relief and the clarity on what we’ll need done next.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">I’ll let it go at that. But we need to be working through plenty of interesting crosscurrents and trends, now and in the years ahead. For example, because mining is a water-intensive industry, and because there will be no batteries or solar panels without mining, should we be thinking of how to allocate water for mining where water scarcity has already been built in — and seems likely to persist. What about farms? Food needs water. Will we be giving up food as a price paid for lives in the new technologies’ providence of same ol’ comfort zone?</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">And hey, speaking of risk, there’s the risk that some next Trumpublican president will install Donald Trump as, say, Secretary of Interior</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">=============================</span></p>
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<li style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(92, 92, 92);" class=""><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/05/sand-shortage-the-world-is-running-out-of-a-crucial-commodity.html" class=""><span style="color: #1a0dab" class=""><br class="">
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</ul><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);" class=""><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/05/sand-shortage-the-world-is-running-out-of-a-crucial-commodity.html" class="">Sand shortage: The world is running out of a crucial commodity</a></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(95, 99, 104);" class=""><span style="color: #202124" class=""><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/05/sand-shortage-the-world-is-running-out-of-a-crucial-commodity.html" class="">https://www.cnbc.com<span style="color: #5f6368" class=""> › 2021/03/05 › sand-shortage-th...</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86);" class=""><span style="color: #70757a" class="">Mar 5, 2021 —</span><span style="color: #70757a; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> </span><span style="background-color: #ffff0a" class="">The world is facing a </span><span style="color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">shortage</b></span><span style="background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> of </span><span style="color: #5f6368; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""><b class="">sand</b></span><span style="background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> — and climate scientists say it constitutes one of the greatest sustainability challenges of the 21st </span>...</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);" class=""><a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a39880899/earth-is-running-out-of-sand/" class=""><br class="">
</a></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);" class=""><a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a39880899/earth-is-running-out-of-sand/" class="">Understanding the Sand Shortage: Why We're Running Out of ...</a></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36);" class=""><a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a39880899/earth-is-running-out-of-sand/" class="">https://www.popularmechanics.com<span style="color: #5f6368" class=""> › environment › ea...</span></a></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86);" class=""><span style="color: #70757a" class="">May 2, 2022 — </span><span style="color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">Sand</b></span>. As a result the world's <span style="color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">demand</b></span> for <span style="color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">sand</b></span> has started to strip riverbeds and beaches bare. ... Speaking of <span style="color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">Supply</b></span> Chain <span style="color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">Shortages</b></span> .</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);" class=""><a href="https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/03/29/sand-pirates-are-driving-global-shortages-in-this-vital-construction-material" class=""><br class="">
</a></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 2.2px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 13, 171);" class=""><a href="https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/03/29/sand-pirates-are-driving-global-shortages-in-this-vital-construction-material" class="">Sand pirates are driving global shortages in this vital ...</a></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(95, 99, 104);" class=""><span style="color: #202124" class=""><a href="https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/03/29/sand-pirates-are-driving-global-shortages-in-this-vital-construction-material" class="">https://www.euronews.com<span style="color: #5f6368" class=""> › green › 2022/03/29 › san...</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 33, 36); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86);" class=""><span style="color: #70757a" class="">Mar 29, 2022 — </span>But <span style="color: #5f6368" class=""><b class="">demand</b></span> is set to soar by 45 per cent in the next four decades, according to a new study. Leiden University in the Netherlands calculated ...</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(77, 81, 86); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class="">=========================================</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class="">1-Aug-2022<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class=""><b class="">Climate change: Potential to end humanity is ‘dangerously underexplored’ say experts</b><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class=""><b class=""></b></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class="">UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class="">Researchers call for a new ‘Climate Endgame’ research agenda and say far too little work has gone into understanding the mechanisms by which rising temperatures might pose a catastrophic risk to society and humanity.</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class="">JOURNAL<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class=""><i class="">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><i class=""></i></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2108146119" class=""><i class="">https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2108146119</i><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><i class=""></i></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960152" class=""><i class=""></i></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">EXCERPT FROM RELEASE</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">However, Kemp co-authored a “text mining” study of IPCC reports, <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022EF002876" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(14, 115, 192);" class="">published earlier this year</span></a>, which found that IPCC assessments have shifted away from high-end warming to increasingly focus on lower temperature rises.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">This builds on <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac13ef/meta" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(14, 115, 192);" class="">previous work</span></a> he contributed to showing that extreme temperature scenarios are “underexplored relative to their likelihood”. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“We know least about the scenarios that matter most,” Kemp said.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The team behind the <i class="">PNAS</i> paper propose a research agenda that includes what they call the “four horsemen” of the climate endgame: famine and malnutrition, extreme weather, conflict, and vector-borne diseases.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Rising temperatures pose a major threat to global food supply, they say, with increasing probabilities of “breadbasket failures” as the world’s most agriculturally productive areas suffer collective meltdowns.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Hotter and more extreme weather could also create conditions for new disease outbreaks as habitats for both people and wildlife shift and shrink. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The authors caution that climate breakdown would likely exacerbate other “interacting threats”: from rising inequality and misinformation to democratic breakdowns and even new forms of destructive AI weaponry.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">One possible future highlighted in the paper involves “warm wars” in which technologically enhanced superpowers fight over both dwindling carbon space and giant experiments to deflect sunlight and reduce global temperatures.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">More focus should go on identifying all potential tipping points within “Hothouse Earth” say researchers: from methane released by permafrost melts to the loss of forests that act as “carbon sinks”, and even potential for vanishing cloud cover.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“The more we learn about how our planet functions, the greater the reason for concern,” said co-author Prof Johan Rockström, Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">====================================</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“The gap between high- and low-income families has widened steadily since about 1980, hitting a new high every year since 1985. “</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Business Week, November 21, 1994, p. 72.</span></div><div class="">
<div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">++++++++++++++++++++++++++</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class="">“The gap between high- and low-income families has widened steadily since about 1980, hitting a new high every year since 1985. “</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class="">Business Week, November 21, 1994, p. 72.</span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class=""></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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