<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251);" class=""><a href="https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2023/01/16/california-1/" class="">A remarkable number of landslides in California</a></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 32, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""><i class="">The Landslide Blog</i></b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 32, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Since the start of 2023, California has been hit by a succession of major rainstorms. To date at least 402 landslides have been triggered.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 32, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(18, 69, 132); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2023/01/16/california-1/" class=""><b class="">READ MORE </b><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(72, 148, 22);" class=""><b class="">>></b></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(72, 148, 22); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 24, 24); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 24, 24);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""><i class="">The Landslide Blog</i></b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 24, 24);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2023/01/11/rosas-cauca-1/" class="">https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2023/01/11/rosas-cauca-1/</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 24, 24);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">This is a truly extraordinary period for landslides, with so many events occurring that it is hard to decide which to cover.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 32, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Meanwhile, in Colombia a truly remarkable landslide has occurred in Rosas, Cauca. There are some excellent Tweets providing detail, <a href="https://twitter.com/Yobanygf/status/1612967281536933889" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(10, 80, 147);" class="">including this one containing drone footage of the slide</span></a>:-</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 32, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Insurance denied: More Coloradans can't get homeowner's insurance because of wildfire risk</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.denver7.com/news/contact-denver7/insurance-denied-more-coloradans-cant-get-homeowners-insurance-because-of-wildfire-risk" class="">https://www.denver7.com/news/contact-denver7/insurance-denied-more-coloradans-cant-get-homeowners-insurance-because-of-wildfire-risk</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(72, 148, 22); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(72, 148, 22); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">NEWS RELEASE 12-JAN-2023</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 32, 32);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Heat and drought have ‘significant influence’ on food security and agricultural production, new review argues</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 32, 32); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Heat and drought are the utmost limiting abiotic factors which pose a major threat to food security and agricultural production and are exacerbated by ‘extreme and rapid’ climate change, according to a new paper in CABI Reviews</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976452" class="">https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976452</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(72, 148, 22); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“Droughts of the twenty-first century are characterized by hotter temperatures, longer duration, and greater spatial extent …. This situation increases the vulnerability of ecosystems to drought, including a rise in drought-driven tree mortality globally (Allen et al. 2015) and anticipated ecosystem transformations from one state to another—for example, forest to a shrubland (Jiang et al. 2013). </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">When a drought drives changes within ecosystems, there can be a ripple effect through human communities </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">that depend on those ecosystems for critical goods and services (Millar and Stephenson 2015). …. Despite the high costs to both nature and people, current drought research, management, and policy perspectives often fail to evaluate how drought affects ecosystems and the “natural capital” they provide to human communities. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Integrating these human and natural dimensions of drought is an essential step</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> toward addressing the rising risk of drought in the twenty-first century. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Crausbay, et al. Defining Ecological Drought for the Twenty-First Century. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. December 2017.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Open Access</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0292.1" class="">https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0292.1</a> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(72, 148, 22); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class="">16-Jan-2023<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #262626" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class="">Climate conundrum: Study finds ants aren’t altering behavior in rising temperatures<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #262626" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(125, 125, 125);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class="">NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #7d7d7d" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(125, 125, 125); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class="">PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class="">A new study finds that ants are not adjusting their behavior in response to warming temperatures, persisting in sub-optimal microhabitats even when optimal ones were present. The finding suggests ants may not be able to adjust their behavior in response to warming ecosystems.<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #3f3f3f" class=""></span></a></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class="">JOURNAL<span style="font-kerning: none; color: #757575" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class=""><i class="">Journal of Animal Ecology</i></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class=""><i class=""></i></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(190, 0, 4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">OPEN ACCESS</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(190, 0, 4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""><br class=""></b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 89, 162); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aca6fe" class="">More people too poor to move: divergent effects of climate change on global migration patterns<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(11, 89, 162);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Albano Rikani <i class="">et al</i> 2023 <i class="">Environ. Res. Lett.</i> <b class="">18</b> 024006</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 89, 162); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1748-9326" class="">Environmental Research Letters</a> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #262626" class="">Published 13 January 2023 </span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">PERSPECTIVE •</b></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 5px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Assessing the plausibility of climate futures</b></span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Anita Engels and Jochem Marotzke </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(117, 117, 117); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/976376" class=""></a></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">"The Hamburg Climate Futures Outlook sends a strong message to those who naïvely think that the current plethora of climate activities will automatically bring the world closer to achieving the Paris Agreement goals. No one should fool oneself.</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> Second, through the new Social Plausibility Assessment Framework we also identify the </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">societal drivers that need to become stronger or even change direction</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""> so that achieving the Paris Agreement goals becomes plausible.”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 89, 162); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(190, 0, 4);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">OPEN ACCESS PDF</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf90/pdf" class=""><b class="">https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acaf90/pdf</b><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""><b class=""></b></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><i class="">Journal of Forestry</i>, 2022, 453–472 </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab072" class="">https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab072</a> </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Received August 11, 2021; Accepted December 15, 2021 Advance Access publication February 17, 2022 </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Review Article - recreation </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Climate Change and Recreation in the Western United States: Effects and Opportunities for Adaptation</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Anna B. Miller, Patricia L. Winter, José J. Sánchez, </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">David L. Peterson, and Jordan W. Smith</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="vertical-align: 5.0px; font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""> </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Abstract </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Climate change is affecting natural resources globally, altering ecosystems that support outdoor recreation</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">. In the western United States, effects such as warming temperatures, increased drought, reduced snowpack, and widespread wildfires</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #21ffff" class=""> will change the outdoor recreation landscape.</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> </span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">In this article, we synthesize the state of science regarding the effects of climate change on outdoor recreation in the western US and summarize adaptation options that can reduce the consequences of climate change, considering the adaptive capacities of recreationists and managers. We draw from a series of climate change assessments in which researchers and managers collaborated to understand recreation vulnerability to climate change and develop effective adaptations. We conclude that building climate resilience requires a shift in planning and resource allocation decisions, including (1) longer-term planning timeframes, (2) interdisciplinary teams, and (3) collaboration among agencies, recreation providers, and communities. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Study Implications: </b></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Outdoor recreation in the western US</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #21ffff" class=""> is changing</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class=""> due to the effects of climate change.</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> Organized by five recreational categories, this study describes the vulnerability of outdoor recreation to climate change and synthesizes strategies to adapt recreation management to these vulnerabilities. Multiple direct and indirect factors influence individual recreationists’ and land managers’ capacities to adapt to climate change, as we describe through a diagram. Climate- resilient land management requires long-term planning, integration of multiple resource areas, and collaboration across agencies, recreation providers, and communities. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Keywords: </b>outdoor recreation</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">, protected areas,</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> climate change, adaptation, long-term planning </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">NEWS RELEASE 18-JAN-2023</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 24, 24);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">What can we learn from the impacts of rapid climate change on past societies?</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">Impacts of rapid climate change on past human societies offer lessons for global warming preparation</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(16, 60, 192); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline ; font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/releaseguidelines" class="">Peer-Reviewed Publication<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(16, 60, 192);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(246, 0, 11); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 24, 24); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT GREENSBORO</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(24, 24, 24); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">Greensboro, N.C. (January 17, 2023) – </b>A comprehensive new study led by Professor Gwen Robbins Schug at UNC Greensboro t</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">races the impact of rapid climate change events on humans over the past 5,000 years</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""> and offers lessons for today’s policymakers. The meta-analysis of approximately a decade’s worth of bioarchaeology data was published today as a <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2209472120" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(17, 93, 178);" class=""><i class="">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> perspective article</span></a> </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">by a team of 25 authors representing 21 universities. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“In recent years, bioarchaeologists – who examine human remains to understand past populations – have begun focusing on the impact of climate change events on past societies,” <a href="https://biology.uncg.edu/people/gwen-robbins-schug/" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(17, 93, 178);" class="">Dr. Robbins Schug</span></a> says. “We have found evidence that – despite popular misconceptions – environmental migration, competition, violence, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">and societal collapse are not inevitable in the face of rapid climate change.”</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Schug and her collaborators assessed human skeleton data and findings from 37 bioarchaeology studies of populations living from 5,000 years ago to 400 years ago. The societies represented spanned the globe, hailing from present-day America, Argentina, Chile, China, Ecuador, England, India, Japan, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Thailand, and Vietnam. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">They found that climate change has been most destructive for hierarchical, urban societies when they lacked flexibility to respond to environmental challenges. “Increased reliance on agriculture can be a problem,” Robbins Schug says. “Small, interconnected rural communities with high utilization of local resources and diverse dietary sources from herding, small-scale farming, hunting, fishing, and gathering were more resilient.” </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">The researchers also learned that, when pressured by climate change events, urban societies with high levels of economic inequality were at highest risk for infectious disease and violence. “Diseases and violence spread,” Schug says. “If you want to protect a society, large segments of a population cannot be left vulnerable. It’s a zero-sum game.” </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">As the world warms, the scientists hope their current and future findings can help policymakers set priorities that reduce pandemic diseases, poverty, hunger, and violence. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(29, 29, 29);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">“</span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">Successful strategies,” Schug says, “will support rural livelihoods, encourage diverse practices for obtaining food and other resources, foster equitable distribution, retain our capacity to mobilize when circumstances require, and encourage mutually beneficial relationships among groups and species.”</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(26, 26, 26); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">NEWS RELEASE 12-JAN-2023</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 32, 32);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class=""><b class="">ExxonMobil’s own global warming projections predicted climate warming, quantitative analysis shows</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffffff" class="">Summary author: Walter Beckwith</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 0, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/releaseguidelines" class="">Peer-Reviewed Publication</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(32, 32, 32); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE (AAAS)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, climate models used internally by ExxonMobil’s own scientists accurately projected and skillfully modeled global warming due to fossil fuel burning and produced results that were consistent with independent academic and government climate models at the time, according to a new Review. Although it has been widely reported that Exxon has known about the threat of global warming since the 1970s, “this study is the first quantitative review of the company’s early climate science,” according to a related press release included in the press package. Internal documents disclosed in 2015 have suggested that ExxonMobil scientists have informed company executives about dangerous human-driven climate warming since at least 1977. However, </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">while the text of these documents has been examined in detail, far less attention has been given to numerical and graphical data in these documents related to explicit projections of future warming. In this Review, Geoffrey Supran and colleagues systematically evaluated the accuracy of ExxonMobil’s internal climate modeling projections – some of the most abundant and robust in the industry – and compared their performance against academic and government models. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 10); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(38, 38, 38); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Supran <i class="">et al.</i> analyzed 32 internal documents produced by ExxonMobil scientists between 1977 and 2002 and 72 peer-reviewed scientific publications authored or coauthored by ExxonMobil scientists between 1982 and 2014 – a dataset that constitutes all publicly available internal documents and research publications disclosed by the company. According to the findings, the climate projections reported by ExxonMobil scientists during this period were accurate in predicting subsequent global climate warming, suggesting that the company understood as much about climate change as academic and government scientists did, despite their active efforts to sow uncertainty and doubt. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: #ffff0a" class="">“These findings corroborate and add quantitative precision to assertions by scholars, journalists, lawyers, politicians, and others that ExxonMobil accurately foresaw the threat of human-caused global warming, both prior and parallel to orchestrating lobbying and propaganda campaigns to delay climate action, and refute claims by ExxonMobil Corp and its defenders that these assertions are incorrect,” write Supran <i class="">et al.</i></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(72, 148, 22); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(72, 148, 22); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">**************************</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class=""></b></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="color: #000000" class="">“</span><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">The most penetrating criticism I’ve seen of renewable energy is that it’s being promoted at massive scale to reassure us that we can go on as before, with little if any change of lifestyle. And yet, it raises a big and uncomfortable question. Do we mine, baby, mine, to ensure no reduction of living standards, no uncomfortable change of lifestyle?”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“There’s no doubt that we need to build and buy the machinery needed to generate renewable energy from solar and wind. The mining basic to the building is going to happen. There’s no stopping it. The need for building solar and wind capacity is too great to deny.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“But there’s no denying that much of the demand is driven by striving for a comfort zone well beyond meeting anything that deserves the name of necessity. Recognizing this uncomfortable reality, 50 non-governmental organizations have recently scolded the World Bank for its Climate-Smart Mining proposal—which focuses a lot on how much mining <a href="https://miningwatch.ca/news/2019/5/1/over-50-organizations-urge-world-bank-boost-recycling-circular-economy-non-mining" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(150, 0, 30);" class="">would need to increase and not at all on how we need to reduce consumption</span></a>.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">“All things considered, I have to agree with the irony in 16-year-old Greta Thunberg’s crisply eloquent, ‘We live in a strange world. Where we think we can buy or build our way out of a crisis that has been created by buying and building things.’ ’</span><span style="font-kerning: none; color: #96001e" class="">’</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 17px;" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><b class="">The Paradox Of Building America's Green Lifestyle Grid</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class="">Lance Olsen</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(11, 26, 41); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="font-kerning: none" class=""><a href="https://mountainjournal.org/renewable-energy-solves-one-problem-but-creates-another" class="">https://mountainjournal.org/renewable-energy-solves-one-problem-but-creates-another</a></span></div><div class="">
<meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div>==================================<br class=""><br class="">“Droughts of the twenty-first century are characterized by hotter temperatures, longer duration, and greater spatial extent …. This situation increases the vulnerability of ecosystems to drought, including a rise in drought-driven tree mortality globally (Allen et al. 2015) and anticipated ecosystem transformations from one state to another—for example, forest to a shrubland (Jiang et al. 2013). When a drought drives changes within ecosystems, there can be a ripple effect through human communities that depend on those ecosystems for critical goods and services (Millar and Stephenson 2015). …. Despite the high costs to both nature and people, current drought research, management, and policy perspectives often fail to evaluate how drought affects ecosystems and the “natural capital” they provide to human communities. Integrating these human and natural dimensions of drought is an essential step toward addressing the rising risk of drought in the twenty-first century. <br class=""><br class="">Crausbay, et al. Defining Ecological Drought for the Twenty-First Century. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. December 2017.<br class=""><br class="">Open Access<br class=""><a href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0292.1" class="">https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0292.1</a> </div><div><br class=""></div><div>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br class=""><br class="">“… the serious meaning in a concept lies in the difference it will make to someone if it is true.”<br class=""><br class="">William James (1842 –1910)<br class="">Pragmatism. Meridian Books, 1955</div><div><br class=""><br class=""></div></div>
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