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<meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><p style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class=""><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class=""></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px;" class="">############</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">PNAS 2022 Vol. 119 No. 42 </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210525119" class="">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210525119</a> </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(78, 86, 64); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">OPINION</b></span></p><div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">Climate change and the threat to civilization </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Daniel Steel</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; vertical-align: 5px; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">a</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">, C. Tyler DesRoches</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; vertical-align: 5px; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">b,1 </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">, and Kian Mintz-Woo</span><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; vertical-align: 5px; -webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">c,d </span></p><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><b class="">1st 2 paragraphs</b></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 17px;" class=""><br class=""></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">In a speech about climate change from April 4th of this year, UN General Secretary Anto</span><span style="vertical-align: 1px; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">nio Guterres lambasted “the empty pledges that put us on track to an unlivable world” and warned that “we are on a fast track to climate disaster” (1). Although stark, Guterres’ statements were not novel. Guterres has made similar remarks on previous occasions, as have other public figures, including Sir David Attenborough, who warned in 2018 that inaction on climate change could lead to “the collapse of our civilizations” (2). In their article, “World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021”—which now has more than 14,700 signatories from 158 countries—William J. Ripple and colleagues state that climate change could “cause significant disruptions to ecosystems, society, and economies, potentially making large areas of Earth uninhabitable” (3). </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Because civilization cannot exist in unlivable or uninhabitable places, all of the above warnings can be understood as asserting the potential for anthropogenic climate change to cause civilization collapse (or “climate collapse”) to a greater or lesser extent. Yet despite discussing many adverse impacts, climate science literature, as synthesized for instance by assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has little at all to say about whether or under which conditions climate change might threaten civilization. </span></p></div>

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