<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""><div class="">
<meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div dir="auto" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1184-bear-conflicts-increase-during-drought-year-stay-safe.html" class="">Bear conflicts often increase during a drought year</a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1184-bear-conflicts-increase-during-drought-year-stay-safe.html" class="">Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (.gov)<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><a href="https://wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1184-bear-conflicts-increase-during-drought-year-stay-safe.html" class="">https://wildlife.utah.gov › news › utah-wildlife-news › 1...<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 11px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">May 17, 2021 — The </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(77, 80, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><b class="">drought</b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> conditions impact plants and other root-like vegetation, which make up 90% of a black </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(77, 80, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><b class="">bear's</b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> diet, so DWR biologists think bears may ...</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(251, 2, 7); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">——————————————————</b></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/drought-conditions-raise-concerns-for-b-c-s-grizzlies-1.6626008" class="">Drought conditions raise concerns for B.C.'s grizzlies</a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 14px;" class=""><a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/drought-conditions-raise-concerns-for-b-c-s-grizzlies-1.6626008" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">CBC</a></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 64, 68); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/drought-conditions-raise-concerns-for-b-c-s-grizzlies-1.6626008" class="">https://www.cbc.ca › news › canada › british-columbia<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""></span></a></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 11px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(60, 64, 68); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(60, 64, 68);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Oct 21, 2022 — Nicholas Scapilatti, director of </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(77, 80, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><b class="">Grizzly Bear</b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> Foundation, says the </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(77, 80, 85); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(77, 80, 85);" class=""><b class="">drought</b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""> is cause for concern as bears are dependent on the return of salmon ...</span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 11px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 14px;" class=""><br class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span></div><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(24, 25, 27); -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(24, 25, 27); min-height: 14px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">**********************************</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">J.E. Halofsky, D.L. Peterson (eds.), <span style="background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);" class=""><i class="">Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems</i>,</span> Advances in Global Change Research 63,© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 59 J.E.<br class="">DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56928-4_5 </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Chapter 5</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Effects of Climate Change on Forest Vegetation in the Northern Rockies </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Robert E. Keane, Mary Frances Mahalovich, Barry L. Bollenbacher, Mary E. Manning, Rachel A. Loehman, Terrie B. Jain, Lisa M. Holsinger, and Andrew J. Larson </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Abstract </b></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">Increasing air temperature,</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);" class=""> </span><b class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);" class="">through its influence on soil moisture, is expected to cause gradual changes in the abundance and distribution of tree, shrub, and grass species throughout the Northern Rockies,</span> </b></span><b class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">with </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">drought</span></b><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class=""> tolerant species becoming more competitive.</b> The earliest changes will be at ecotones between life-forms (e.g., upper and lower treelines). Ecological disturbance, including wildfire and insect outbreaks, will be the primary facilitator of vegetation change, and future forest landscapes may be dominated by younger age classes and smaller trees. </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">High-elevation forests will be especially vulnerable if disturbance frequency increases significantly.</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> Increased abundance and distribution of non-native plant species, </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">as well as the legacy of past land uses,</span><b style="background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> create additional stress</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> for </span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">regeneration</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> of native forest species. </span></b></p><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">R.E. Keane (*) • L.M. Holsinger<br class="">U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, USA e-mail: </span></p><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">M.F. Mahalovich<br class="">U.S. Forest Service, Northern, Rocky Mountain, Southwestern, and Intermountain Regions, Moscow, ID, USA<br class=""></span></p><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">B.L. Bollenbacher • M.E. Manning<br class="">U.S. Forest Service, Northern Region, Missoula, MT, USA e-</span></p><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">R.A. Loehman<br class="">U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, </span></p><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">T.B. Jain<br class="">U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, USA e-mail: </span></p><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">A.J. Larson<br class="">Department of Forest Management, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA e-</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 250);" class=""> </span></p><div style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p style="font-size: 12px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class=""></div><div>===========</div><div><br class=""></div><div>Many scientists agree that climate change “has the potential to produce more frequent outbreaks, bigger swarms (of locusts), and widespread food insecurity,” entomologist Jody Greene wrote in a 2022 blog post for Entomology Today.Feb 14, 2024<br class=""><br class="">Global Warming Could Drive Locust Outbreaks into New ...<br class=""><br class="">Inside Climate News<br class=""><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org" class="">https://insideclimatenews.org</a> › News<br class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class=""></div><div>===========</div><div><br class=""></div><div>Many scientists agree that climate change “has the potential to produce more frequent outbreaks, bigger swarms (of locusts), and widespread food insecurity,” entomologist Jody Greene wrote in a 2022 blog post for Entomology Today.Feb 14, 2024<br class=""><br class="">Global Warming Could Drive Locust Outbreaks into New ...<br class=""><br class="">Inside Climate News<br class=""><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org" class="">https://insideclimatenews.org</a> › News<br class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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