<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 18px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin-bottom: 40px;" class=""><header style="box-sizing: inherit;" class=""><ul style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(111, 111, 111); display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.3; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px;" class=""><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); list-style: none; margin-right: 8px; padding-right: 8px;" class="">Article</li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 0px; list-style: none; margin-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px;" class="">Published: <time datetime="2025-02-06" style="box-sizing: inherit;" class="">06 February 2025</time></li></ul><h1 style="font-size: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-family: Harding, Palatino, serif; letter-spacing: min(max(-0.0117156rem, 4vw), -0.0390625rem); line-height: 1.2; box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Observed multi-decadal increase in the surface ocean’s thermal inertia</h1><ul style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1rem; list-style: none; margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class=""><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w#auth-Chaehyeong-Lee-Aff1-Aff4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w%23auth-Chaehyeong-Lee-Aff1-Aff4&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw0OomP-tUjL1wULwXgq6xSC" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Chaehyeong Lee</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w#auth-Hajoon-Song-Aff1-Aff2" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w%23auth-Hajoon-Song-Aff1-Aff2&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw3VzQuyReFMVBNCJDfAkoaa" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Hajoon Song<u class=""></u><u class=""></u><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w#auth-Yeonju-Choi-Aff1" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w%23auth-Yeonju-Choi-Aff1&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw1Bo6EL2VLIzo76npfK1mg6" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Yeonju Choi</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w#auth-Ajin-Cho-Aff1" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w%23auth-Ajin-Cho-Aff1&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw0Pozu_fWHXJkpEXNk4QwKu" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Ajin Cho</a> & </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w#auth-John-Marshall-Aff3" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w%23auth-John-Marshall-Aff3&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw2z2dmIC8_9lARt9wiKYQtd" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;" class="">John Marshall</a> </li></ul><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 16px;" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/nclimate" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/nclimate&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw1MFj3tX1V3JjC2xYPONuFk" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;" class=""><i style="box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Nature Climate Change</i></a> (<span style="box-sizing: inherit;" class="">2025</span>)<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w#citeas" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w%23citeas&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw0gF-wYjorzUs6i6i7_LWB3" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); margin-left: 8px; padding-left: 8px;" class="">Cite this article</a></p><div style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px 0px;" class=""><ul style="box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.3; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" class=""><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); margin-right: 8px;" class=""><div style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px;" class="">1258 <span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 10px 0px 5px;" class="">Accesses</span></div></li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); margin-right: 8px;" class=""><div style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px;" class="">681 <span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 10px 0px 5px;" class="">Altmetric</span></div></li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 0px; margin-right: 8px;" class=""><div style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px;" class=""><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w/metrics" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02245-w/metrics&source=gmail&ust=1740508280687000&usg=AOvVaw0mua19yHTvHtIM5uK_8RPm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;" class="">Metrics<span style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 1px;" class="">details</span></a></div></li></ul></div></header></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; box-sizing: inherit;" class=""><section aria-labelledby="Abs1" lang="en" style="box-sizing: inherit;" class=""><div id="m_571483320809235918Abs1-section" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both;" class=""><h2 id="m_571483320809235918Abs1" style="letter-spacing: -0.0117156rem; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.24; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px;" class="">Abstract</h2><div id="m_571483320809235918Abs1-content" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 40px; padding-top: 8px;" class=""><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 0px;" class="">The ocean’s surface layer has a crucial role in Earth’s climate, absorbing excess atmospheric heat, thereby regulating global temperatures. Here, using global daily sea surface temperature (SST) data, we document a notable increase in the persistence of SST anomalies across the global ocean since 1982. This trend is also evident in frequency space, showing a decreased variance in SSTs on timescales shorter than a month, but a slight increase on longer timescales. A simple stochastic model attributes this prolonged memory to three key factors––a deepening of the surface mixed layer, a weakening of oceanic forcing and reduced damping rates. The first two factors decrease the variance on shorter timescales, while the third increases it on longer timescales. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);" class="">Our findings have great relevance to the observed increase in the duration of marine heatwaves and the associated heightened thermal threats to marine organisms. <b class="">Our study also suggests that the ocean’s ability to sequester heat is weakening.</b></span></p></div></div></section></div><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><br class="">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br class="">"The big challenge is still to deliver emissions reductions at the pace and scale needed, especially in a world where economies are driven by consumption.”<br class=""><br class="">Sonja van Renssen.The inconvenient truth of failed climate policies. Nature Climate Change MAY 2018<br class=""><br class="">Published online: 27 April 2018 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0155-4" class="">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0155-4</a> <br class=""><br class="">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br class="">“What we are witnessing is a temper tantrum against the mere suggestion that there are limits to what we can consume.” <br class=""><br class="">Naomi Klein<br class=""><a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/15/trump-straws-plastic/" class="">https://theintercept.com/2019/09/15/trump-straws-plastic/</a><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""></div></div></div>
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