<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 1280px; padding: 0px 16px;"><ol style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li id="m_-2705290409646702571breadcrumb0" style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw1fbzJ_ch9vqQbk8OljxKsC" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); 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margin-bottom: 40px;"><header style="box-sizing: inherit;"><ul style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(111, 111, 111); display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.3; list-style: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-right: 8px; padding-right: 8px; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(206, 219, 224); color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">Article</li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-right: 8px; padding-right: 8px; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(206, 219, 224); color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw1K663B8hKSd9s58Cukt5Uj" style="color: rgb(183, 70, 22); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Open access</a></li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border-right-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-color: currentcolor; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">Published: <time datetime="2022-04-05" style="box-sizing: inherit;">05 April 2022</time></li></ul><h1 style="font-size: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-family: Harding, Palatino, serif; letter-spacing: min(max(-0.011716rem, 4vw), -0.039063rem); line-height: 1.2; box-sizing: inherit;">Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth\u2019s forests</h1><ul style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1rem; list-style: none; margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-William_M_-Hammond-Aff1" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-William_M_-Hammond-Aff1&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw3yktVk5-xgnUWCnQurE9Yh" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">William M. Hammond<u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-A__Park-Williams-Aff2" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-A__Park-Williams-Aff2&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw04dk-BLchrLB0aOcnRfar-" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">A. Park Williams</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-John_T_-Abatzoglou-Aff3" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-John_T_-Abatzoglou-Aff3&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw1WJmXmSH7-2ujcqbQ7NFG5" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">John T. Abatzoglou</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-Henry_D_-Adams-Aff4" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-Henry_D_-Adams-Aff4&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw3ch69c-R-83WmktMbWwG3B" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Henry D. Adams</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-Tamir-Klein-Aff5" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-Tamir-Klein-Aff5&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw2TsNlL2N2ZC3Dx4IJUT-xT" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Tamir Klein</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-Rosana-L_pez-Aff6" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-Rosana-L_pez-Aff6&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw3Ye8zVifLB1uAhNmiWtjUu" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Rosana López</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-Cuauht_moc-S_enz_Romero-Aff7" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-Cuauht_moc-S_enz_Romero-Aff7&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw3cRZfBrtz2MQriPbViIVk7" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-Henrik-Hartmann-Aff8" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-Henrik-Hartmann-Aff8&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw2uKuv2f-pJXFta8tdh-4dV" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Henrik Hartmann</a>, </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-David_D_-Breshears-Aff9" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-David_D_-Breshears-Aff9&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw2hglno0Tmu6ilCbFPREBiZ" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">David D. Breshears</a> & </li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; padding-right: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#auth-Craig_D_-Allen-Aff10" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23auth-Craig_D_-Allen-Aff10&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw0gT1E6nSFqmvrMM5Xr3Cwl" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Craig D. Allen</a> </li></ul><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 16px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/ncomms" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/ncomms&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw2ezKzd1vOz-JUqFZd_pSK7" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;"><i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Nature Communications</i></a> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 1px;">volume</span> 13</span>, Article number: <span style="box-sizing: inherit;">1761</span> (<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">2022</span>) <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2#citeas" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2%23citeas&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw1E0f20jbt3xK-F0EbuC4dp" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); margin-left: 8px; padding-left: 8px;">Ci<wbr>te this article</a></p><div style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 16px 0px;"><ul style="box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.3; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); margin-right: 8px;"><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px;">38k <span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 10px 0px 5px;">Accesses</span></p></li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); margin-right: 8px;"><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px;">397 <span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 10px 0px 5px;">Citations</span></p></li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(111, 111, 111); margin-right: 8px;"><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px;">738 <span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: rgb(98, 98, 98); font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 10px 0px 5px;">Altmetric</span></p></li><li style="margin-left: 15px; box-sizing: inherit; border-right-width: 0px; border-right-style: none; border-right-color: currentcolor; margin-right: 8px;"><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2/metrics" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29289-2/metrics&source=gmail&ust=1751546515146000&usg=AOvVaw18yvfJ7MHLCUu_81dZfu8L" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit;">Metrics<span style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; width: 1px;">details</span></a></p></li></ul></div></header></div><div style="box-sizing: inherit;"><section aria-labelledby="Abs1" lang="en" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div id="m_-2705290409646702571Abs1-section" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both;"><h2 id="m_-2705290409646702571Abs1" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: -0.011716rem; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.24; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(213, 213, 213); margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px;">Abstract</h2><div id="m_-2705290409646702571Abs1-content" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 40px; padding-top: 8px;"><p style="word-break: break-word; box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 0px;">Earth\u2019s forests face grave challenges in the Anthropocene, including hotter droughts increasingly associated with widespread forest die-off events. But despite the vital importance of forests to global ecosystem services, their fates in a warming world remain highly uncertain. Lacking is quantitative determination of commonality in climate anomalies associated with pulses of tree mortality\u2014from published, field-documented mortality events\u2014required for understanding the role of extreme climate events in overall global tree die-off patterns. Here we established a geo-referenced global database documenting climate-induced mortality events spanning all tree-supporting biomes and continents, from 154 peer-reviewed studies since 1970. Our analysis quantifies a global \u201chotter-drought fingerprint\u201d from these tree-mortality sites\u2014effectively a hotter and drier climate signal for tree mortality\u2014across 675 locations encompassing 1,303 plots. Frequency of these observed mortality-year climate conditions strongly increases nonlinearly under projected warming. Our database also provides initial footing for further community-developed, quantitative, ground-based monitoring of global tree mortality.</p></div></div></section></div></article></div><div>
<meta charset="UTF-8"><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br></div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014======<br><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"><br></span></div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);">\u201cA new area of study is the field that some of us are beginning to call <u>social traps</u>. The term refers to situations in society that contain traps formally like a fish trap, where men or whole societies get themselves started in some direction or some set of relationships that later prove to be unpleasant or lethal and that they see no easy way to back out of or to avoid."</span></div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><br>John Platt. Social Traps. American Psychologist, August 1973<div><br></div><div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">\u201cLocalized ecological systems are</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">known to shift abruptly and irreversibly</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">from one state to another when they are</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">forced across critical thresholds.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Here we review evidence that the global</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ecosystem as a whole can react in the</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">same way and is approaching a</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">planetary-scale critical transition</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">as a result of human influence."</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Barnovsky et al. Approaching a state</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">shift in Earth\u2019s biosphere. Nature</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Volume 486, 07 June 2012</span><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11018</span></p></div></div>
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