<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="font-size: small; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1.125rem; color: rgb(28, 29, 30); font-family: "Open Sans", icomoon, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19395582" title="Ecological Applications homepage" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19395582&source=gmail&ust=1764005859674000&usg=AOvVaw15QeBwcVFpKkghn0zsbo0M" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; margin: 0.3125rem 0px; max-width: 100%;"><img id="m_-2751021959124335549journal-banner-image" alt="Ecological Applications" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%;"><span id="alttext-container">Ecological Applications</span></a></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.625rem 0px; display: flex;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">ARTICLE</span></span></div><h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.375rem; margin: 0.5rem 0px; line-height: 1.875rem;">Water availability boosts multidimensional plant diversity in a temperate grassland despite anthropogenic disturbances</h1><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.9375rem 0px;"><div id="m_-2751021959124335549sb-1" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875rem; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Hu/Baoshuang" aria-controls="a1" aria-haspopup="true" id="m_-2751021959124335549a1_Ctrl" role="button" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Hu/Baoshuang&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw2na-ODS9m1EXv4kLARKotd" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Baoshuang Hu</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(139, 139, 139);">, </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Ilghar/Winira" aria-controls="a2" aria-haspopup="true" id="m_-2751021959124335549a2_Ctrl" role="button" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Ilghar/Winira&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw1hbtwEL6yZOlu2jKzTWMUi" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Winira Ilghar</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(139, 139, 139);">, </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Zhai/Huiliang" aria-controls="a3" aria-haspopup="true" id="m_-2751021959124335549a3_Ctrl" role="button" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Zhai/Huiliang&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw2wsbxO79eyViTTjZuw5l5k" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Huiliang Zhai</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(139, 139, 139);">, </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Mo/Lina" aria-controls="a4" aria-haspopup="true" id="m_-2751021959124335549a4_Ctrl" role="button" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Mo/Lina&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw1cTth3OuTo8FfFBLBmrQVK" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Lina Mo</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(139, 139, 139);">, </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Wang/Chengliang" aria-controls="a5" aria-haspopup="true" id="m_-2751021959124335549a5_Ctrl" role="button" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Wang/Chengliang&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw2Iqx8IX1Vog3AouTPimTaG" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Chengliang Wang</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(139, 139, 139);">, </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Xu/Wanling" aria-controls="a6" aria-haspopup="true" id="m_-2751021959124335549a6_Ctrl" role="button" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Xu/Wanling&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw2mYejws1NvkrJ6fyOM0AQa" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Wanling Xu</span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color: rgb(139, 139, 139);">, </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Sun/Wei" aria-controls="a7" aria-haspopup="true" id="m_-2751021959124335549a7_Ctrl" role="button" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Sun/Wei&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw08RLoyUNbhck6wpaMasGII" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; padding: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; line-height: 1.25rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Wei Sun<span aria-hidden="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.1875rem; float: none; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 1rem; font-family: icomoon;"></span></span></a></span></div></div></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.9375rem 0px; color: rgb(118, 118, 118);"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; opacity: 1; margin: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.15; display: inline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; white-space: pre-wrap;">First published: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(28, 29, 30);">11 October 2025</span></div> <div style="box-sizing: border-box; opacity: 1; margin: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.15; display: inline;"><a aria-label="Digital Object Identifier for Water availability boosts multidimensional plant diversity in a temperate grassland despite anthropogenic disturbances link" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70124" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70124&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw2cjxpZ2RoGDzYy1A4gD0VD" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600;">https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.<wbr>70124</a></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.9375rem 0px; color: rgb(118, 118, 118);"><div id="m_-2751021959124335549eap70124-note-0001" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.3125rem; margin-bottom: 0.3125rem; display: inline; color: rgb(90, 90, 90);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Handling Editor:</span> Miaojun Ma</p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="font-size: small; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(28, 29, 30); font-family: "Open Sans", icomoon, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-top: 0px;"><u></u><div style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(216, 217, 218); padding-top: 1.125rem;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; float: left; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.70124" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.70124&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw2k-Fwys9NAO9l7NXXg-u7z" style="color: rgb(18, 61, 128); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.875rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Read the</span> full text<span aria-hidden="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.625rem; display: inline-block; text-align: center; color: rgb(49, 49, 49); vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5rem; font-family: icomoon;"></span></a></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; float: right;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); float: left; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70124" title="ePDF" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eap.70124&source=gmail&ust=1764005859675000&usg=AOvVaw2nrTeOZx2P5ASBqNjCwcyU" style="color: rgb(49, 49, 49); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.0625rem; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.75rem; 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margin: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;"><span aria-hidden="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; text-transform: none; line-height: 1; font-size: 1.125rem; display: inline-block; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-family: icomoon;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 0.625rem;">SHARE</span></a></div></div></div><u></u></div><div id="m_-2751021959124335549accessDenialslot" style="font-size: small; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(28, 29, 30); font-family: "Open Sans", icomoon, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></div><div style="font-size: small; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.25rem; color: rgb(28, 29, 30); font-family: "Open Sans", icomoon, sans-serif;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 4px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(216, 217, 218);"><section lang="en" id="m_-2751021959124335549section-1-en" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 0px; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: currentcolor; padding: 0px 0px 0.03125rem 20px; margin-top: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.625rem;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.9375rem; font-size: 1.5625rem; line-height: 1.2; display: inline-block; color: rgb(49, 49, 49);">Abstract</h3><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0.3125rem; margin-bottom: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Global changes present significant challenges to biodiversity. However, how plant communities respond to climate change under various anthropogenic disturbances, and how different species groups contribute to these responses, remains poorly understood. Using an 8-year dataset from a temperate grassland and a multidimensional diversity framework (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic), we explored the interactive effects of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances (grazing, fertilization, and their combination). We found that (1) increasing water availability consistently boosted multidimensional plant diversity over time across all treatments. (2) However, disturbances, particularly their combination, weakened this positive climatic effect. (3) Differentiating the contributions of rare, common, and dominant species revealed contrasting responses to climate drivers, highlighting the importance of a multidimensional assessment.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"> Grazing also heightened the community's sensitivity to climate change. Our study reveals that anthropogenic disturbances fundamentally modify plant community responses to climate change</span>, providing critical insights for biodiversity conservation and sustainable grassland management under future climate scenarios.</p></div></section></div></div><div>
<meta charset="UTF-8"><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014</div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">Going 100% renewable power means a lot of dirty mining</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">EXCERPT </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-kerning: none;"><br></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-kerning: none;">Payal Sampat, the mining director at Earthworks, said recycling and technological innovation could go a long way toward reducing the demand for rare metals, but cautioned that still more needs to be done.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);">\u201cWe\u2019re not going to tech fix our way out of this,\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019s going to require more meaningful policy changes that fundamentally<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>reduce the overall demand.\u201d</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 34, 43); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(9, 34, 43); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></div></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><<https://grist.org/article/report-going-100-renewable-power-means-a-lot-of-dirty-mining/>></div></div></div></div></div>
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