<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed reveal-enabled" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-width: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; 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font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="red" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-width: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"><font size="4">OPEN ACCESS</font></span></div><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-5309/ae1ce1" class="art-list-item-title event_main-link" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; line-height: 1.25; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 110, 178); text-decoration: none; display: block;"><font size="4">Emergency department use for environmentally sensitive conditions among American Indian children exposed to air pollution and heat</font></a><p class="small art-list-item-meta" style="font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; line-height: 1.8; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Charlie Reed <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: unset; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">et al</em> 2025 <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: unset; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Environ. Res.: Health</em> <b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: unset; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">3</b> 045011</p><p class="small art-list-item-meta" style="font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; line-height: 1.8; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: unset; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; color: rgb(0, 110, 178); white-space: nowrap;"><br></span></p><p class="small art-list-item-meta" style="font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; line-height: 1.8; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: unset; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; color: rgb(0, 110, 178); white-space: nowrap;">Open abstract</span></p><div class="art-list-item-tools small wd-abstr-upper flex-div" style="font-size: inherit; margin: 0.25em 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; line-height: 1.8; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; display: flex;"><button type="button" class="reveal-trigger mr-2 nowrap" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="revealContent-11" style="background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-origin: padding-box; background-clip: border-box; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 110, 178); font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; 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position: absolute; width: 1px;">, Emergency department use for environmentally sensitive conditions among American Indian children exposed to air pollution and heat</span></span></button><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-5309/ae1ce1/meta" class="mr-2 mb-0 nowrap event_mini-link" data-event-action="View article" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 2.25em; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: unset; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 110, 178); text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px !important;"><span class="icon-article" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: sub; top: -0.05em; position: relative; display: inline-block; width: 1.6rem; height: 1.6rem;"></span>View article<span class="offscreen-hidden" style="margin: 0.25em -0.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: unset; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; 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font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 110, 178); text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px !important;"><span class="icon-file-pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: sub; top: -0.05em; position: relative; display: inline-block; width: 1.6rem; height: 1.6rem;"></span>PDF<span class="offscreen-hidden" style="margin: 0.25em -0.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: unset; line-height: unset; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1em; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;">, Emergency department use for environmentally sensitive conditions among American Indian children exposed to air pollution and heat</span></a></div></div></div><div class="art-list-item reveal-container reveal-closed reveal-enabled" style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-width: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><div class="art-list-item-body" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden;"><div class="eyebrow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-emoji: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-width: inherit; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.8; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Noto Sans", Ubuntu, "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="offscreen-hidden" style="margin: 0.25em -0.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Noto Sans", Ubuntu, "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1em; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE IS</span><span class="red" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-width: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Noto Sans", Ubuntu, "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(204, 0, 0); orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span></div></div></div><div>
<meta charset="UTF-8"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div><font size="2"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">~~~~~~~~~~~~</font></div><div><font size="2"><br></font></div><div><font size="2">\u201cFor many terrestrial organisms in the Northern Hemisphere, winter is \u2026 survivable only because a seasonal refugium - the \u201csubnivium\u201d - exists beneath the snow. <br><br></font></div><div><font size="2">"We believe that ecologists and managers are overlooking this widespread, crucial, and vulnerable seasonal refugium, which is rapidly deteriorating due to global climate change\u201d </font></div><div><font size="2"><br>Pauli et al ( 2013). The subnivium: a deteriorating seasonal refugium. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment</font></div></div></div></div></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><font size="2"><<<a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/120222">https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/120222</a>>></font></div>
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