<html aria-label="message body"><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">What is \u201cresilience\u201d?<br><div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><br>2018 \u2014 \u201cResilience is a popular narrative for conservation and provides an opportunity to communicate optimism that ecosystems can recover and rebound from disturbances.\u201d (Emily S. Darling and Isabelle M. Côté, Science, March 2, 2018). <br><br>2014 \u2014 \u201cEmerging from a wide range of disciplines, resilience in policy-making has often been based on the ability of systems to bounce back to normality, drawing on engineering concepts. This implies the return of the functions of an individual, household, community or ecosystem to previous conditions, with as little damage and disruption as possible following shocks and stresses\u201d (Tanner et al, Nature Climate Change, December 18, 2014). <br><br>1938 \u2014 Resilience. 1- The act or power of springing back to a former position or shape. 2. The quantity of work given back by a body that is compressed to a certain limit and then allowed to recover itself, as a spring under pressure suddenly relaxed.\u201d (Funk & Wagnall\u2019s New Standard Dictionary of the English Language, vol.2, M-Z 1938</div>
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<br><div><font color="#ff2600"><b>==============================</b></font></div><div><br></div><div>2005 \u2014 \u2026. <span style="color: rgb(20, 20, 19);">after 15 months of depleted soil water</span></div><p class="p1" style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; color: rgb(20, 20, 19);">content, >90% of the dominant, overstory tree species (Pinus</p><p class="p1" style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; color: rgb(20, 20, 19);">edulis) died.</p><p class="p1" style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal; color: rgb(20, 20, 19);"><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">.</span></p><p class="p1" style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-variation-settings: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;">"The die-off was \u2026 not only at the intensively studied site but also across the region, extending over 12,000 km2 or more."</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;">"Notably, the recent drought was warmer than the previous subcontinental drought \u2026. die-off from the recent drought was more extensive than that from the previous drought, extending into wetter sites within the tree species\u2019 distribution.\u201d</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;">\u201cMost of the patchy mortality in the 1950s was associated with trees 100 years old, whereas nearly complete tree mortality across many size and age classes was observed in response to the recent drought.\u201d</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);">Breshears et al (2005) Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought. PNAS October 15, 2005</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;">https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/102/42/15144.full.pdf</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><font color="#ff2600">>>>>>>>>>></font></span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;">\u201cIn essence, a survivable drought of the past can become an intolerable drought under a warming climate.\u201d </span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;">United States Department of Agriculture </span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;">Effects of Drought on Forests and Rangelands in the United States: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis:\ufffcForest Service Gen. Tech. Report WO-93b January 2016 </span></p></body></html>