<html aria-label="message body"><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div jsname="txosbe" class="OZ9ddf WAUd4" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; margin: -8px 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31);" style="margin: -8px 0px 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31);"><span data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31);"><div class="nk9vdc GYaNDc" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(31, 31, 31);" style="margin: 0px; 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font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);"><div data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);"><div data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);"><div class="LT6XE" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><div class="RJPOee EIJn2" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><div jsname="dvXlsc" class="pOOWX" data-rl="en" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><div data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><span data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><div class="n6owBd awi2gc" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="TDBkbc#Ml18Xb" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_h" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCAkQAA" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">Yes, <mark jsuid="KYSHuc_m" class="HxTRcb" jsaction="click:&KYSHuc_m|h5M12e;mouseenter:&KYSHuc_m|sbHm2b;mouseleave:&KYSHuc_m|Tx5Rb;rcuQ6b:&KYSHuc_m|npT2md" jscontroller="DfH0l#VLQhtf" data-sfc-root="c" data-wiz-uids="KYSHuc_n" data-sfc-cb="" data-ved="2ahUKEwiJ9aPbwYSVAxX9FTQIHVRaKuYQuJAPegoIAggACAEICRAD" data-complete="true" data-sfc-inited="2" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(0, 29, 53);">temperatures of 90°F (32.2°C) and higher have been recorded in the Arctic Circle</mark>. Driven by climate change, these extreme temperatures are becoming more frequent as the Arctic warms at a rate nearly three times faster than the rest of the planet. [<a href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/featured-images/2024-arctic-report-card-arctic-has-second-warmest-year-record-2024">1</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__ia85T_JXE">2</a>, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59649066">3</a>, <a href="https://mashable.com/article/arctic-heat-wave-climate-change">4</a>, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48890556">5</a>]</div><div class="n6owBd awi2gc" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="TDBkbc#Ml18Xb" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_s" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCAsQAA" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">Specific instances of these extreme temperatures<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"> include:</span></div><div data-bfc="" data-ved="2ahUKEwiJ9aPbwYSVAxX9FTQIHVRaKuYQi4wTegoIAggACAEIDRAA" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><ul class="KsbFXc U6u95" jsaction="" jscontroller="mPWODf#NS0kde" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_x" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><li class="Z1qcYe" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="oSLmPe#HokZ0d" data-sfc-root="ep" jsuid="KYSHuc_y" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCA0QAQ" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><span class="T286Pc" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="fly6D#d5Qebf" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_z" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><strong class="Yjhzub" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd#vvzi1e" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_10" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">Verkhoyansk, Russia:</strong> This Siberian town, normally one of the coldest places on Earth, officially recorded an all-time Arctic high of 100°F (38°C) in June 2020. This record was officially verified by the World Meteorological Organization.</span></li><li class="Z1qcYe" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="oSLmPe#HokZ0d" data-sfc-root="ep" jsuid="KYSHuc_11" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCA0QAg" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><span class="T286Pc" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="fly6D#d5Qebf" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_12" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><strong class="Yjhzub" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd#vvzi1e" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_13" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">Anchorage, Alaska:</strong> Though located in the subarctic, the city shattered its all-time record high, reaching 90°F (32.2°C) in July 2019.</span></li><li class="Z1qcYe" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="oSLmPe#HokZ0d" data-sfc-root="ep" jsuid="KYSHuc_14" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCA0QAw" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><span class="T286Pc" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="fly6D#d5Qebf" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_15" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><strong class="Yjhzub" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd#vvzi1e" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_16" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">Deadhorse, Alaska:</strong> Situated near the Arctic Ocean, this town reached an unprecedented 89°F (31.6°C) during a severe summer heatwave.</span> [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYQd821kW9Q">1</a>, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48890556">2</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/C-nThqSp_l2/?hl=en">3</a>, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59649066">4</a>]</li></ul></div><div data-bfc="" data-ved="2ahUKEwiJ9aPbwYSVAxX9FTQIHVRaKuYQi4wTegoIAggACAEIEBAA" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><div class="n6owBd awi2gc" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="TDBkbc#Ml18Xb" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_1h" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCBAQAQ" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);">These extraordinary heatwaves have major environmental consequences,</span> including massive sea ice loss, widespread wildfires, and the thawing of permafrost, which releases trapped greenhouse gases like methane into the atmosphere. [<a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-53140069">1</a>, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59649066">2</a>]</div></div><div data-bfc="" data-ved="2ahUKEwiJ9aPbwYSVAxX9FTQIHVRaKuYQi4wTegoIAggACAEIEhAA" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><div class="n6owBd awi2gc" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="" jscontroller="TDBkbc#Ml18Xb" data-sfc-root="c" jsuid="KYSHuc_1m" data-sfc-cb="" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCBIQAQ" data-complete="true" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 12px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 12px 0px 16px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);">You can explore more about how polar temperatures are changing by reviewing the <span jsuid="KYSHuc_1n" data-sfc-cp="" jsaction="mouseenter:&KYSHuc_1n|WOQqYb;mouseleave:&KYSHuc_1n|Tx5Rb;focusin:&KYSHuc_1n|mrwrPd;focusout:&KYSHuc_1n|mFndSc;pointerdown:&KYSHuc_1n|FEiYhc;click:&KYSHuc_1n|C6aVhd;" jscontroller="KMhGd#Mx1qPe" data-sfc-root="c" data-sfc-cb="" data-complete="true" data-sfc-inited="2" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"><a class="H23r4e" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-hveid="CAIIAAgBCBIQAg" href="https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/warmest-arctic-summer-on-record-is-evidence-of-accelerating-climate-change" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/warmest-arctic-summer-on-record-is-evidence-of-accelerating-climate-change&ved=2ahUKEwiJ9aPbwYSVAxX9FTQIHVRaKuYQy_kOegoIAggACAEIEhAC&opi=89978449" aria-label="NOAA Arctic Report Card. Link preview. Site: NOAA (.gov). Title: Warmest Arctic summer on record is evidence of accelerating .... URL: https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/warmest-arctic-summer-on-record-is-evidence-of-accelerating-climate-change." data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline 1px rgb(26, 13, 171); border-bottom: 0px rgb(26, 13, 171);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(26, 13, 171);">NOAA Arctic Report Card</a></span>. [<a href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/insight/changing-arctic">1</a>]</div></div><div data-bfc="" data-ved="2ahUKEwiJ9aPbwYSVAxX9FTQIHVRaKuYQi4wTegoIAggACAEIExAA" data-copy-service-computed-style="font-family: "Google Sans", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);" style="margin: 0px; border-bottom: 0px rgb(10, 10, 10);"></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">\u201cExtreme downpours are now happening 30 percent more often nationwide than in 1948 \u2026.. </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Moreover, the largest annual storms now produce 10 percent more precipitation, on average\u201d </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">(Madsen and Willcox, 2012).<br><br>And<br><br>\u201cDespite uncertainties in total precipitation changes, extreme daily precipitation averaged over </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">both dry and wet regimes shows robust increases in both observations and climate models over </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">the past six decades. Climate projections for the rest of the century show continued intensification </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">of daily precipitation extremes. Increases in total and extreme precipitation in dry regions are </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">linearly related to the model-specific global temperature change, so that the spread in projected </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">global warming partly explains the spread in precipitation intensification in these regions by the </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">late twenty-first century. This intensification has implications for the risk of flooding as the climate </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">warms, particularly for the world\u2019s dry regions\u201d (Donat et al 2016).</div>
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