<html aria-label="message body"><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><p class="p1" style="margin: 0in;">Biological Conservation <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biological-conservation/vol/291/suppl/C" title="Go to table of contents for this volume/issue"><span class="anchor-text"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); transition: border-bottom-color 0.3s;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 114, 177);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Volume 291</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31);"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal;">, </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal;">March 2024</span></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="p1" style="margin: 0in;"> </p><p class="p3" style="margin: 0in;"><b>A systematic review of the effects of climate variability and change on black and brown bear ecology and interactions with humans<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="p4" style="margin: 0in; color: rgb(31, 131, 198);"> </p><p class="p5" style="margin: 0in;">Katherine A. Kurth et al<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p5" style="margin: 0in;"><span class="s4">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320724000612<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p5" style="margin: 0in;"> </p><p class="p7" style="margin: 0in;">A B S T R A C T<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p7" style="margin: 0in;"> </p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">Climate change poses a pervasive threat to humans and wildlife by altering resource availability, changing co-<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">occurrences, and directly or indirectly influencing human-wildlife interactions. For many wildlife agencies in<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">North America, managing bears (Ursus spp.) and human-bear interactions is a priority, yet the direct and indirect<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">effects of climate change are exacerbating management challenges. Understanding the underlying ecological<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">drivers of bear responses to climate variability and change, and the implications for conflict, will be critical for<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">maintaining human-bear coexistence in North America. We synthesized 120 articles that identified direct and<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">indirect mechanisms by which climate variability and change affect brown bears (Ursus arctos) and American<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">black bears (Ursus americanus) in North America. The literature focused on examining climate impacts on bear<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">diet, body size, habitat selection, space use, activity, denning chronology, and population demographics and<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">dynamics. Across these categories, we summarized the documented and projected bear responses and resulting<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">implications for human-bear interactions. Climate-driven changes in natural food availability were frequently<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">implicated in influencing bear behavior and demography, and creating conditions under which interactions with<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">humans are likely to increase. Bears in North America may face increased challenges as habitat and natural food<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">availability continue to be altered by climate change. Our review provides a foundation upon which to identify<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">climate drivers of bear ecology, conditions conducive to human-bear interactions, and adaptive management<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">strategies. Given substantial evidence of climate impacts to bears, incorporating climate considerations into bear<o:p></o:p></p><p class="p8" style="margin: 0in;">management can help managers strategically allocate resources and promote human-bear coexistence.<o:p></o:p></p><div>
<meta charset="UTF-8"><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div dir="auto" style="overflow-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;"><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0px; font-width: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">========</div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal;"><br></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal;">"Controlled capitalism \u2026 had been a truly colossal success. From the end of the Second World War until the mid-1970s the American and European economies were uplifted by many years of rapid growth, bringing affluence from the relatively few to almost all."</div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 16px;"><br></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal;">"In the late 1970s the tendency to control capitalism was abruptly reversed."</div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 16px;"><br></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Geneva; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal;">\u201c \u2026 the most striking feature of our turbo-capitalist times, the hollowing-out of democratic governance over the economy.\u201d</div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;"><br></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal;">Edward Luttwak, Turbo-Capitalism. </div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal;">1998 in Great Britain by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. </div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px; font-width: normal; line-height: normal;">1999 in the U.S. by Harper Collins.</div></div></div></div>
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