[MCN] Water has entered "era of multiple simultaneous stresses"

[Lance Olsen]

Water Resources Research (an AGU journal) First published: 3 May 2015
DOI: 10.1002/2014WR016825

Global change and the groundwater management challenge
Steven M. Gorelick,
Department of Earth System Science, Stanford 
University, Stanford, California, USA
                
Chunmiao Zheng
Institute of Water Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Department of Geological Sciences, University of 
Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA

Abstract (bold emphasis added for quick scanning)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014WR016825/full

With rivers in critical regions already exploited 
to capacity throughout the world and groundwater 
overdraft as well as large-scale contamination 
occurring in many areas, we have entered an era 
in which multiple simultaneous stresses will 
drive water management. Increasingly, groundwater 
resources are taking a more prominent role in 
providing freshwater supplies. We discuss the 
competing fresh groundwater needs for human 
consumption, food production, energy, and the 
environment, as well as physical hazards, and 
conflicts due to transboundary overexploitation. 
During the past 50 years, groundwater management 
modeling has focused on combining simulation with 
optimization methods to inspect important 
problems ranging from contaminant remediation to 
agricultural irrigation management. The compound 
challenges now faced by water planners require a 
new generation of aquifer management models that 
address the broad impacts of global change on 
aquifer storage and depletion trajectory 
management, land subsidence, 
groundwater-dependent ecosystems, seawater 
intrusion, anthropogenic and geogenic 
contamination, supply vulnerability, and 
long-term sustainability. The scope of research 
efforts is only beginning to address complex 
interactions using multiagent system models that 
are not readily formulated as optimization 
problems and that consider a suite of human 
behavioral responses.    

     
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"Although we are only at an early stage in the 
projected trends of global warming, ecological 
responses to recent climate change are already 
clearly visible."

Walther et al, "Ecological responses to recent climate change."
Nature, March 28, 2002

===============
"A surprising result is the high proportion of 
species responding to recent, relatively mild 
climate change (global average warming of 0.6 C)."

Camille Parmesan. "Ecological and Evolutionary 
Responses to Recent Climate Change." Annual 
Review of Ecol. Evol. & Systematics  2006. 
37:637-69
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