[MCN] Heat affects health - individual, community, and system

[Lance Olsen]

"Direct effects of climatic warming can be 
understood through fatal decrements in an 
organism's performance in growth, reproduction, 
foraging, immune competence, behaviors and 
competitiveness. Performance in animals is 
supported by aerobic scope, the increase in 
oxygen consumption rate from resting to maximal 
(9). Performance falls below its optimum during 
cooling and warming. At both upper and lower 
pejus temperatures, performance decrements result 
as the limiting capacity for oxygen supply causes 
hypoxemia (4, 8) (see the figure, left). Beyond 
low and high critical temperatures, only a 
passive, anaerobic existence is possible."

Hans O. Pörtner and Anthony P. Farrell. 
Physiology and Climate Change. SCIENCE 31 OCTOBER 
2008	VOL 322
=====================================================
"  Š organisms have a physiological response to 
temperature, and these responses have important 
consequences Š. biological rates and times (e.g. 
metabolic rate, growth, reproduction, mortality 
and activity) vary with temperature.

Anthony I. Dell, Samraat Pawar and Van M. Savage. 
Temperature dependence of trophic interactions 
are driven by asymmetry of species responses and 
foraging strategy. Journal of Animal Ecology 2013
=====================================================
"Between 1C and 2C increases in global mean 
temperatures most species, ecosystems and 
landscapes will be impacted and adaptive capacity 
will become limited."

Rik Leemans and Bas Eickhout. Another reason for 
concern: regional and global impacts on 
ecosystems for different levels of climate 
change. Global Environmental Change 14 (2004) 
219-228
=====================================================
  "This review  Š  deals exclusively with observed 
responses of wild biological species and systems 
Š.  "

"A surprising result is the high proportion of 
species responding to recent, relatively mild 
climate change (global average warming of 0.6 C)."

Camille Parmesan. "Ecological and Evolutionary 
Responses to Recent Climate Change." Annual 
Review of Ecol. Evol. & Systematics  2006. 
37:637-69
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