[MCN] City growth, river pollution, stormwater management, urban forest

[Lance Olsen]

"Trees and forest systems play an important role 
in the water cycle by intercepting rainfall and 
regulating water flow to the soil for more 
efficient stormwater infiltration. Traditional 
urban development practices have reduced the 
function of these systems by eliminating the 
vertical structure (tree canopy cover), removing 
existing ground cover and pervious soils, and 
compacting the remaining soil to better 
accommodate impervious surfaces. As 
municipalities begin to accept low-impact 
development (LID) and green stormwater 
infrastructure practices as a viable strategy to 
manage stormwater runoff, stormwater managers and 
design engineers need to better understand how 
effective trees and urban forest systems are at 
mitigating stormwater runoff and how management 
of these natural systems can reduce stormwater 
runoff and pollutant loading."

read more >>http://www.forestindustry.com/features/foliar-rainfall-factors/
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"  Š organisms have a physiological response to 
temperature, and these responses have important 
consequences Š. biological rates and times (e.g. 
metabolic rate, growth, reproduction, mortality 
and activity) vary with temperature.

Anthony I. Dell, Samraat Pawar and Van M. Savage, 
Temperature dependence of trophic interactions 
are driven by asymmetry of species responses and 
foraging strategy.
Journal of Animal Ecology 2013
=================================

"Direct effects of climatic warming can be 
understood through fatal decrements in an 
organism's performance in growth, reproduction, 
foraging, immune competence, behaviors and 
competitiveness. Performance in animals is 
supported by aerobic scope, the increase in 
oxygen consumption rate from resting to maximal 
(9). Performance falls below its optimum during 
cooling and warming. At both upper and lower 
pejus temperatures, performance decrements result 
as the limiting capacity for oxygen supply causes 
hypoxemia (4, 8) (see the figure, left). Beyond 
low and high critical temperatures, only a 
passive, anaerobic existence is possible."

Hans O. Pörtner and Anthony P. Farrell. 
Physiology and Climate Change. SCIENCE 31 OCTOBER 
2008	VOL 322


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